S
The central, Darker part of a shadow where the light is totally blocked.
Umbra
A spinning motion.
Rotation
The path an object follows as it moves around another object.
Orbit.
The motion of one object around another.
Revolution
The lighter part of a shadow where light is only partially blocked.
Penumbra
Week 2 of the lunar cycle when it goes from light only on the western half to all of it to light on all of it.
Full Moon
Week 1 of the lunar cycle when it goes from no light on the moon to light only on the western half.
First Quarter Moon
The portion of the moon or a planet reflecting light as seen from the earth.
Phase
Week 4 of the lunar cycle when it goes from light only on the eastern half to no light.
New Moon
Week 3 of the lunar cycle when it goes from light on all of it to light only on the eastern half of it.
Third Quarter Moon
When the moon casts a shadow on earth.
Solar Eclipse
The phase of the lunar cycle where the moon goes from new moon to full moon.
Waxing
A day when earth’s rotation axis is leaning along earth’s orbit, perpendicular to the sun.
Equinox
The phase of the lunar cycle where the moon goes from full moon to new moon.
Waning
When the earth casts a shadow on the moon.
Lunar Eclipse
When only part of the moon is in the umbra.
Partial Lunar Eclipse
When the eclipse is viewed from the moon’s umbra.
Total Solar Eclipse
A day when earth’s rotation axis is the most towards or away from the sun.
Solstice
When the eclipse is viewed from the moon’s penumbra.
Partial Solar Eclipse
When the whole moon is in the umbra.
24 hours of night lasting 6 months.
Polar Nights
When the earth is about 152 million km away from the sun
Aphelion
The line on which an object rotates.
Rotation Axis
When the earth is about 147 million km away from the sun.
Perihelion
6 months of 24 hour sunlight.
Midnight Sun