Q. 1-5
Before the rise of civilization people were nomadic, what does this mean?
They traveled from place to place hunting and gathering food.
How did the first farmers cope with the challenges posed by rivers?
They learned to control flooding and use irrigation systems
what does polytheistic mean?
Believed in many gods and goddesses
What claim did ancient rulers claim to justify their authority?
The will of the gods.
Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Sumerians.
How was the behavior of nomadic people regulated?
Through unwritten customs
Mesopotamia
How did the Hebrews differ from other ancient people?
Were monotheistic, not polytheistic.
What does it mean when we say that rulers in the ancient world were hereditary leaders?
Leadership was passed from father to son.
What tasks did the first organized governments perform?
Write laws, collect taxes, provide food supply, and maintain defense
How did ancient people progress in their social organization?
Nomadic clans to villages to city-states to empires
What do all civilizations need to survive and grow?
Resources
What was the most important religious duty of ancient citizens?
To keep their gods happy.
What caused conflicts among the first civilizations of the Fertile Crescent?
They competed to control land and water
Why were the first laws written?
To regulate the behavior of people who were now strangers to one another in cities.
The first civilization developed near these two rivers:
The Tigris and Euphrates
What was the first civilization of the ancient world?
Sumer
What stood at the top of each ziggurat?
A shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city.
What developed as a result of the need to control rivers, collect taxes, and build public works projects?
The first centralized governments in history.
In the ancient world, who was specially trained to read and write?
A scribe.
Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys?
Because annu flooding left silt on the surrounding land which enriched the soil.
What are the five key elements of civilization?
Why did ancient rulers build large places and temples?
To make the citizens believe in the power and strength of the rulers and gods.
Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys?
What did ancient people invent to record grain harvests and keep accurate records of the seasons?
Writing