Types of Crime
A minor crime heard by a magistrate in the Magistrates' Court.
What is a Summary Offence?
Obligation to prove one's assertion.
What is the burden of proof?
Handles minor offences and conducts committal proceedings for more serious offences.
What is the Magistrates Court?
A serious crime that requires a trial by jury.
What is an indictable offence?
Rests with the prosecution.
Who has the burden of proof?
Determines whether there is enough evidence for a case to go to trial.
What is a committal hearing?
Examples include theft, burglary, and arson.
What are examples of property crime?
Beyond reasonable doubt
What is the standard of proof?
Severity of the crime, the offender's criminal history, and the impact on victims.
What are sentencing factors?
Involves financially motivated, non-violent crime committed by businesses and government professionals, such as embezzlement.
What are white-collar crimes?
Accused is considered innocent until proven guilty.
What is presumption of innocence?
Aims to discourage the offender and others from committing similar offences.
What is a deterrent sentence?
Includes illegal activities conducted through the internet, such as hacking and online fraud.
What is cyber-crime?
Pre-trial motions, trial, and sentencing.
What are the main stages of a criminal trial?
Allows a higher court to review the decision of a lower court to ensure justice was correctly served.
What is an appeal?