Patho/Etiology
This specific neurotransmitter is intensely released within the brain's reward center driving the reinforcing and compulsive behaviors seen in substance use disorders.
Dopamine
Vacarolis
What two symptoms help distinguish the difference between Serotonin Syndrome and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
What are muscle rigidity and high fever?
Davis's Drug Guide
This first-generation antipsychotic blocks dopamine receptors.
What is haloperidol?
Davis’s Drug Guide
Priority action when your patient is hearing voices telling them to harm others.
What is ensure the safety of yourself, the patient and others?
Giddens/Grassi
This type of psychotherapy helps patients change distorted or negative thinking patterns.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
Varcarolis
This anticholinergic medication works by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, helping to restore the vital balance between dopamine and acetylcholine to reverse drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
"What is benztropine (Cogentin)?"
Davis Drug Guide
A nurse assessing a patient with this condition is likely to find chronic muscle tension, somatic complaints like headaches or an upset stomach, persistent restlessness, and a constant, pervasive feeling of being 'on edge.'
What is GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder)?Varcarolis
These SSRI's are used to treat anxiety and depression.
What is sertraline, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine?
Davis’s Drug Guide
Two life-threatening conditions that can occur after the initiation or sudden discontinuation of psychiatric medication; or with the possible concurrent use of herbal/over-the-counter products with psychiatric medications; and both may require rapid medical intervention
What are...
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and
Serotonin Syndrome
Varcarolis
Hallucinations and delusions are charted as this type of psychotic symptom.
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Giddens
Low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are linked to this mood disorder characterized by anhedonia and hypersomnia.
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
Giddens
Elevated mood, decreased sleep, impulsivity, and hyperactivity describe this mood condition.
What is a manic episode?
Giddens
These mood stabilizer's requires blood level monitoring to prevent toxicity.
What is Lithium and Valproic Acid?
Davis’s Drug Guide
When managing a patient in an acute manic episode, name some high-priority, immediate nursing interventions required to maintain safety and physiological integrity."
Maintain patient safety
Ensure adequate fluid and nutritional intake
Enforce and promote rest/sleep periods
Set clear, concise, and firm limits
Administer prescribed acute medications (Vacarolis)
Tremors, sweating, nausea, and anxiety after stopping alcohol are signs of this deadly condition.
What is alcohol withdrawal?
Varcarolis
Alterations in this specific neurotransmitter pathway are heavily linked to the mood-altering and hallucinogenic effects of substances like MDMA and LSD, as well as the underlying biology of major depressive disorder."
Serotonin
Vacarolis
Delusions, disorganized thoughts, and flat affect are symptoms of this psychotic disorder.
What is schizophrenia?
Giddens
"When administering a benzodiazepine like diazepam (Valium) to an anxious or ongoing withdrawal patient, the nurse must prioritize assessing for this severe adverse effect, and must explicitly teach the patient to avoid this specific substance."
"What are respiratory depression / CNS depression and alcohol (or other CNS depressants)?"
David Drug Guide
This vitamin is given to patients withdrawing from alcohol to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
What is thiamine (Vitamin B1) ?
Giddens
Cocaine, nicotine and amphetamines are examples of these substances that can worsen anxiety.
What are stimulants?
Varcarolis
Re-experiencing trauma, hypervigilance, and avoidance are characteristics of this diagnosis related to stress/trauma disorder.
What is PTSD?
Varcarolis
Cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal are hallmark symptoms of this mental health disorder.
What is Substance Use Disorder?
Varcarolis
"When administering this opioid antagonist to reverse a suspected overdose, the nurse must closely monitor the patient because its therapeutic duration of action is significantly shorter than that of most opioids, posing a high risk for recurrent respiratory depression."
What is Naloxone (Narcan)?
Davis’s Drug Guide
When a schizophrenic patient has delusions, the nurse should validate feelings and do this instead of arguing.
What is use reality orientation/redirection?
Giddens
Best treatment for mood disorders combines psychotherapy and this other type of long-term treatment intervention?
What is medication therapy?
Giddens