Bone Basics
What are mature bone cells found in compact bone called?
Osteocytes
The patella is commonly known as what?
Kneecap
What type of bone marrow produces red blood cells?
Red bone marrow
| What is a break in a bone called?
Fracture
How many bones does an average adult human skeleton have?
206
What type of bone cell forms new bone tissue?
Osteoblasts
The clavicle is commonly known as what?
Collarbone
What type of bone marrow stores fat?
Yellow bone marrow
What type of fracture pierces through the skin?
Compound (open) fracture
True or False: Smoking tobacco decreases bone mass
True
What type of bone cell breaks down bone tissue?
Osteoclasts
What is the scientific name for the thigh bone?
Femur
| What two minerals are primarily stored in bones?
Calcium and phosphorus
What type of fracture is caused by a crushing force that splinters the bone?
Comminuted fracture
What is the study of bones called?
Osteology
What is the outer dense layer of bone called?
Compact bone
What is the scientific name for the jaw bone?
Mandible
What protein gives bones their flexibility and helps prevent them from becoming brittle?
Collagen
What type of fracture is incomplete and common in children?
Greenstick fracture
List three ways a newborn’s skeleton differs from an adult’s.
More bones, softer bones, unfused skull (fontanelles)
What is the spongy inner layer of bone that contains marrow called?
Cancellous (spongy) bone
Classify the following bones as axial or appendicular: ribs, sternum, pelvis, tibia
Ribs – Axial; Sternum – Axial; Pelvis – Appendicular; Tibia – Appendicular
What covers the outside surface of a bone and helps it grow and repair?
Periosteum
What type of fracture occurs when one bone fragment is driven into another?
Impacted fracture
Name six major functions of the skeletal system
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, fat storage