汉字知识
(character knowledge)
(character knowledge)
Character Analysis:
河是一个什么字？（What type of character is 河？）
A. 象形（pictograph）
B. 指事 (indicative)
C. 会意 (compound ideograms)
D. 形声（phonetic-semantic）
D. 形声（phonetic-semantic）
这个句子里，哪个字是词缀？(Can you identify the affix in this sentence? )
小李上班总是迟到。
小：小 used as a prefix generally means “small, little, young, or junior”. Here it is used before surname to show closeness or endearment.
小李 (Little Li) → friendly or casual way to address Li, sometimes can also imply familiarity or younger status
以下哪个词是动宾结构 (Which of the following words is a verb-object compound?
A. 红色 B. 开车 C. 高低 D. 日出
开车 is a verb-object compound:
So 开车 literally means “to operate a vehicle,” or to drive.
改病句（correct the sentence）
那个人弹钢琴是我的大学朋友。
那个弹钢琴的人是我的大学朋友。
Nà ge tán gāngqín de rén shì wǒ de dàxué péngyou.
The person who is playing the piano is my college friend.
The main issue is word order. In Chinese, the modifying phrase usually comes before the noun:
弹钢琴的 + 人 = the person who plays/is playing the piano.
以下哪个字里的“羊”不是声旁？（In which character, 羊 is not used as a phonetic part? ）
A. 样
B. 洋
C. 痒
D. 鲜
The correct answer is D. 鲜.
In A, B, and C, 羊 is used as the phonetic part because it gives a clue to the pronunciation:
样 yàng
洋 yáng
痒 yǎng
鲜 is a 会意字 (compound ideogram) composed of:鱼 “fish” and 羊 “sheep/goat,” both contributing to the meaning — traditionally suggesting something fresh or delicious, later extending to “new” or “vivid in color.”
Character Analysis:
本是一个什么字？（What type of character is 本？）
A. 象形（pictograph）
B. 指事 (indicative)
C. 会意 (compound ideograms)
D. 形声（phonetic-semantic）
B. 指事 (indicative)
这两个句子里，哪个“阿”字是词缀？(Can you identify the affix in this sentence? )
A. 在阿富汗，女人不可以上学。
Zài Āfùhàn, nǚrén bù kěyǐ shàngxué.
B. 李阿姨现在住在瑞典。
Lǐ āyí xiànzài zhù zài Ruìdiǎn.
The correct answer is B.
阿 in 阿姨 is used as a prefix. It attaches before a kinship or address term and helps form a familiar/social term of address:
阿 + 姨 → 阿姨
“auntie,” or a polite/familiar way to address an older woman.
阿 in 阿富汗 is not an affix. 阿富汗 is the Chinese transliteration of Afghanistan, so 阿 is just one character used for its sound as part of the place name.
选择正确的词语填空。（Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks. ）
Word bank : 手忙脚乱(shǒu máng jiǎo luàn); 心惊肉跳( xīn jīng ròu tiào); 头重脚轻(tóu zhòng jiǎo qīng); 面红耳赤(miàn hóng ěr chì)
客人突然来了，我们全家都______地打扫房间。
他喝了太多酒，走起路来______。
1. 客人突然来了，我们全家都手忙脚乱地打扫房间。
The guests suddenly arrived, so our whole family hurried around in a fluster while cleaning the house.
2. 他喝了太多酒，走起路来头重脚轻。
He drank too much, so when he walked, he felt dizzy and unsteady.
改病句（correct the sentence）
她知道老公爱她，所以她没有吃醋时候他跟别的女人说话。
她知道老公爱她，所以他跟别的女人说话的时候，她没有吃醋。
She knew her husband loved her, so when he talked to other women, she did not get jealous.
翻译句子（Translate the sentence into English.）：
1. 她年轻的时候吃过不少苦。
Tā niánqīng de shíhou chīguò bù shǎo kǔ.
2. 他太相信别人了，所以吃了不少亏。
Tā tài xiāngxìn biérén le, suǒyǐ chī le bù shǎo kuī.
She went through a lot of hardship when she was young.
He trusted others too much, so he suffered quite a few losses / got taken advantage of many times.
以下哪些字是形声字？(Which characters are phonetic-semantic character?)
A. 马
B. 休
C. 清
D. 饭
C. 清
D. 饭
以下句子里，哪个“性”不是词缀？( Which 性 in the sentences is not used as an affix?)
A: 这个旅行计划很有意思，但我们要考虑它的可行性。
B: 这辆车的安全性很高。
C: 她老板的性格不太好，总是生气。
D. 我知道按时完成作业的重要性。
C: 她老板的性格不太好,总是生气。
In A, B, and D, 性 is used as a suffix to form abstract nouns:
可行性 = feasibility
安全性 = safety
重要性 = importance
But in C, 性格 means personality/character. Here, 性 is part of the fixed word 性格, not a suffix added to 格.
根据句子，猜词语意思。（Guess the meaning of the italicized words based on context.）
1. 老板口是心非，说公司重视(value)员工，其实天天要员工加班(work overtime)。
2. 听到朋友开他的玩笑，他皮笑肉不笑，心里却很生气。
3. 他做事总是虎(tiger)头蛇(snake)尾(tail)，刚开始很积极(enthusiastic)，到最后就不想做了。
口是心非 (kǒu shì xīn fēi)
Meaning: to say one thing but think/do another; to be hypocritical or insincere
In the sentence, the boss says the company values employees, but actually makes them work overtime every day.
皮笑肉不笑 (pí xiào ròu bù xiào)
Meaning: to force a smile; to smile on the outside but not truly feel happy
In the sentence, he appears to smile when his friend jokes about him, but inside he is angry.
虎头蛇尾 (hǔ tóu shé wěi)
Meaning: to start strong but finish weak; to begin enthusiastically but lose momentum later
In the sentence, he is very active at the beginning, but does not want to continue by the end.
改病句（correct the sentences）
1. 昨天晚上我跟我的男朋友去吃晚饭在新餐厅。
2. 因为今天天气很晴，我们可以去在公园。
昨天晚上我跟我的男朋友在一家新餐厅吃晚饭。
In Chinese, the place phrase usually comes before the verb:在一家新餐厅 + 吃晚饭
因为今天是晴天，我们可以去公园。
With 去, you usually say 去 + place, not 去在 + place. Also, 天气很晴 is not natural; say 天气很好 or 今天是晴天.
翻译句子(Translate the sentences into Chinese, pay attention to the italic part):
1. Li Yundi is a famous pianist.
2. He is a piano teacher at a music school.
3. The person playing the piano is my college friend.
1. 李云迪是一位著名的钢琴家。
2. 他是音乐学校的钢琴师。
3. 弹钢琴的（那个）人是我大学同学。
以下哪些字的形旁是马？（Which characters have 马 as their semantic part?）
A. 蚂
B. 驶
C. 妈
D. 驾
B. 驶 (shǐ)
D. 驾 (jià)
以下句子里，哪个“品”不是词缀？（Which 品 in the sentence below is not an affix?）
A. 世界上95%的产品是中国制造。
B. 我很喜欢品尝好酒。
C. 旅行时需要准备很多物品。
D. 联合国可以向很多国家提供必需品。
The correct answer is B.
In A, C, and D, 品 is used as a suffix meaning “item,” “goods,” or “product”:
产品 = product
物品 = item / object
必需品 = necessity / essential item
But in B, 品 in 品尝 means to taste / to sample. It is part of the verb 品尝, not an affix.
选择正确的词语填空。（Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks. ）
word bank: 心酸(xīnsuān) ，心动 (xīndòng)，心疼(xīnténg)，心软(xīnruǎn)
1. 这条裙子太好看了，我有点_____。
2. 每次女朋友一哭，他就_____，不忍心分手。
3. 他每天工作到很晚，我看了很_____。
4. 听到孩子说“我不想让妈妈担心”，我觉得很_____。
这条裙子太好看了，我有点心动。
This dress is so pretty; I’m a little tempted by it.
每次女朋友一哭，他就心软，不忍心分手。
Every time his girlfriend cries, he softens and can’t bear to break up with her.
他每天工作到很晚，我看了很心疼。
He works very late every day; seeing that makes me feel bad for him.
听到孩子说“我不想让妈妈担心”，我觉得很心酸。
Hearing the child say, “I don’t want Mom to worry,” made me feel sad and touched.
Find the incorrect word usage and suggest a correct word.
1. 我妈妈爱她的孩子和叫我的弟弟她的小王子。
2. 小姐在机场柜台是姐姐的我最喜欢的朋友。
Corrected sentence:
1. 我妈妈爱她的孩子，叫我弟弟她的小王子。
和 connects nouns, not full actions or clauses.
2. 在机场柜台工作的那位小姐是我最喜欢的姐姐的朋友。
The phrase 在机场柜台工作的 should come before the noun 小姐 / 那位小姐.
选择正确的词语填空。（Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks. ）
word bank: 可怜（kělián），可信(kěxìn)，可怕(kěpà)，可惜(kěxī)
1. 网上的信息不一定_____。
2. 他生气的时候样子很_____。
3. 天气天气这么好，_____我们不能出去玩。
4. 他从小没有父母，生活很______。
网上的信息不一定可信。
Information online is not necessarily reliable.
他生气的时候样子很可怕。
He looks scary when he is angry.
今天天气这么好，可惜我们不能出去玩。
The weather is so nice today; unfortunately, we can’t go out to play.
他从小没有父母，生活很可怜。
He had no parents from a young age, and his life was very pitiful.
找出句子里所有的形声字。（Find all the phonetic-semantic characters in the sentence.）
小伙伴们想骑车去河里抓小龙虾。
伙，伴，们，想，骑，河，抓，虾
以下哪个斜体字不是词缀？(Which of the italic character is not used as an affix?)
A. 新市长想要美化城市。
B. 这张桌子是木头做的。
C. 我孙子的头脑很聪明。
D. 谁是中国最有名的画家？
The correct answer is C.
选择正确的词语填空。（Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks. ）
word bank: 吃苦(chīkǔ)，吃亏(chīkuī)，吃力(chīlì)，吃醋(chīcù)，吃惊(chījīng)
1. 中文她这么快就学会了，我感到非常_______。
2. 上山的路很难走，对老人来说会很________。
3. 她老公特别爱_____，一听到她跟男同事打电话就不开心。
4. 这孩子真能______，一边学习一边打工赚钱。
5. 买东西之前要先比较价格，不然很容易______。
中文她这么快就学会了，我感到非常吃惊。
She learned Chinese so quickly; I felt very surprised.
上山的路很难走，对老人来说会很吃力。
The road up the mountain is hard to walk; for elderly people, it would be very physically difficult.
她老公特别爱吃醋，一听到她跟男同事打电话就不开心。
Her husband gets jealous easily; as soon as he hears her talking on the phone with a male coworker, he becomes unhappy.
这孩子真能吃苦，一边学习一边打工赚钱。
This child can really endure hardship; they study while also working to earn money.
买东西之前要先比较价格，不然很容易吃亏。
Before buying things, you should compare prices first; otherwise, it is easy to get a bad deal.
翻译句子 (translate the sentences using 睡觉(shuì jiào)，跳舞(tiàowǔ)，洗澡(xǐzǎo)，帮忙(bāngmáng)，见面(jiànmiàn)）
1. He slept for an hour.
2. They danced all day.
3. I took a hot shower.
4. She did me a big favor.
5. We've met twice.
1. 他睡了一个小时（觉）。
2. 他们跳了一天舞。
3. 我洗了个热水澡。
4. 她帮了我个大忙。
5. 我们见过两次面。
This is a marriage ad. What are the two different ways of reading it? (How do you segment the sentence?)
身高一米八年收入二十万人老实话不多
The sentence can be segmented in two different ways:
身高一米八，年收入二十万，人老实，话不多。
Shēngāo yì mǐ bā, nián shōurù èrshí wàn, rén lǎoshi, huà bù duō.
Meaning: He is 1.8 meters tall, earns ¥200,000 a year, is honest, and does not talk too much.
But it can also be segmented as:
身高一米，八年收入二十万，人老，实话不多。
Shēngāo yì mǐ, bā nián shōurù èrshí wàn, rén lǎo, shíhuà bù duō.
Meaning: He is 1 meter tall, earns ¥200,000 over eight years, is old, and does not tell much truth.