True or False
The Thirty Years’ War began in 1618 within the Holy Roman Empire primarily due to territorial disputes between France and Spain.
False. It began for religious reasons after the Habsburg Emperor, Fernando II, restricted the religious freedoms of Protestants.
How were call the persons in which the kings gave their power?
Validus
b) Absolutist monarchy
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) established that emperors of the Holy Roman Empire could no longer impose their own religious preferences on the various kingdoms within the Empire.
True. The treaty granted the right to religious freedom and limited the Emperor's power over the faith of the member states.
Which validos ruled under Felipe III and IV?
Lerma / Olivares
b) Carlos v of Great Britain
c) Jose III of Spain
a) Louis XIV of France
France, despite being a Catholic monarchy, intervened in the war in 1635 to support the Protestant side against the Hispanic Monarchy.
True. By this point, the war had shifted from a religious conflict to a struggle for European dominance between France and Spain.
Goal of the Union of Arms?
Centralisation
The decisive defeats of the Hispanic Monarchy at the Battle of the Downs (1639) and the Battle of Rocroi (1643) led to the confirmation of Spanish dominance in Europe.
False. These defeats actually marked the end of Hispanic dominance and the beginning of the rise of France.
Why did expulsion of moriscos affect agriculture?
Labour
During the second half of the 17th century, Louis XIV used France’s vast resources to implement an absolutist system and expand French territory through treaties like Aix-la-Chapelle and Nijmegen.
True. This aggressive policy established a period of French dominance and led to the formation of international coalitions against them
How did wars affect the monarchy?
Decline