DNA
What is the job of DNA inside a cell?
To store and pass genetic information / instructions for making proteins
What is a gene
A section of DNA coding for a trait
What is an allele
Different versions of a gene
What is a Mutation
A change in DNA sequence
What is codominance?
Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype
What is DNA often compared to because it stores code?
Instruction Manual
What is a trait
A characteristic you can see (like eye color or height)
Which allele is usually hidden unless two copies are present?
Recessive
Are mutations always harmful? Explain breifly
No, mutations can be harmful, helpful, or neutral
How is codominance different from dominant/recessive inheritance?
Dominant/recessive = one trait hides another; codominance = both traits show equally
Complete the pairing: ACT GGA CAT
TGA CCT GTA
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype
Genotype = genetic code (letters); Phenotype = physical appearance (what you see)
Which allele always shows if present?
Dominant
What is it called when a base is removed from a codon?
Deletion
If a purple Pp is bred with another flower pp what are the chances the offspring have recessive traits
50%
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double Helix
How do genes affect what you look like?
Genes determine which proteins are made, which create physical traits
If a trait is recessive, what genotype must be present for it to show?
Two recessive alleles (rr or aa)
What is it called when a base is switched out with another codon
If a purple flower is bred with a white flower and the offspring show both purple and white, which color is dominant?
Both
Put in order: DNA is made of sections called ___
These code for amino acids to build ___ which are the traits that we see
Genes, Proteins
Explain how a trait is created in your body from DNA to a visible trait
DNA provides instructions → genes are expressed → proteins are built → proteins determine traits
Why do some traits appear more often than others in offspring?
Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles, so they show up more often
What is it called if a codon is written in reverse?
Inversion
How could a trait skip generations?
If it is a recessive trait, the gene can be passed down and not seen until two recessive traits are passed down. At that time it would be seen.