Fundamentals of Cognitive Linguistics
What is Cognitive Linguistics?
Cognitive Linguistics is an approach that studies the relationship between language, mind, and culture.
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about?
It suggests that language influences how people think and perceive the world.
What is a cultural schema?
A cultural schema is a mental framework shaped by culture.
Who developed the Conceptual Metaphor Theory?
It was developed by Lakoff and Johnson
What is the English translation of “yurt,” and why is it not fully equivalent?
“Yurt” translates as homeland, but it also includes cultural and historical meanings, so it is not fully equivalent
Which fields is Cognitive Linguistics connected to?
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It is connected to linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science.
What is linguistic relativity?
Linguistic relativity means different languages shape different ways of thinking.
What is the relationship between schemas and frames?
Schemas organize knowledge, and frames are structures that activate them.
Why is translation considered non-neutral in cognitive linguistics?
Because it transfers cultural meanings and schemas, not just words, which can lead to loss or change of meaning
What differences exist in kinship terms between the two languages?
Uzbek has detailed kinship terms based on age and family side; English uses general terms.
How is the relationship between language and thought explained?
Language and thought are interconnected; language reflects and shapes how we think.
What does the strong version claim?
The strong version claims language determines thought completely.
How does the concept of “guest” differ in English and Uzbek cultures?
In English, a guest is temporary; in Uzbek culture, a guest is highly respected and honored.
What does the metaphor “LIFE IS A JOURNEY” mean?
It means life is understood as a journey with paths and goals.
How do color terms differ between Uzbek and English?
Uzbek may use one word for multiple colors, while English uses separate terms.
What does embodied cognition mean?
Embodied cognition means our thinking is based on physical and sensory experiences.
What does the weak version suggest?
The weak version suggests language influences thought and habits.
What role does “tea” play in Uzbek culture?
Tea is a symbol of hospitality and social interaction.
Give an example of the metaphor “ARGUMENT IS WAR.”
Example: “She destroyed my argument.”
How does the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis explain colour perception differences?
The weak version suggests language influences how people categorise colours. For example, Uzbek “ko‘k” covers blue and green, shaping perception, but not limiting it completely.
What is encyclopedic meaning?
Encyclopedic meaning means words activate broad knowledge, not just dictionary definitions.
Why is the strong version largely rejected?
It is rejected because people can think beyond language limitations.
How does the concept of “home” differ in the two cultures?
In English, home is private; in Uzbek culture, it includes extended family and community.
How is the metaphor “TIME IS MONEY” used?
It means time is treated as something valuable that can be spent or wasted.
How do cultural schemas influence communication styles in Uzbek and English?
They shape expectations: Uzbek communication is more indirect and respectful, while English is often more direct and explicit.