Period 1
This animal, introduced by Europeans, transformed Native life on the Great Plains by improving hunting and mobility.
What is the horse?
This cash crop saved the Virginia colony and became the foundation of its economy.
What is tobacco?
Ended with the What is the Treaty of Paris (1763), this conflict gave Britain control of most French territory in North America and marked the end of salutary neglect.
What is the French and Indian War (Seven Years War)?
This 1803 land acquisition doubled the size of the United States.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
This belief justified U.S. territorial expansion across North America in the 1840s.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This 1862 law granted settlers 160 acres of western land if they improved it.
What is the Homestead Act?
The explosion of this American ship in 1898 in Havana Harbor helped spark the Spanish-American War.
What is the sinking of the USS Maine?
This post–World War II policy aimed to stop the spread of communism.
What is containment?
This economic philosophy promoted tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending to stimulate growth.
What is Reaganomics (supply-side economics)?
This deadly disease caused massive population decline among Indigenous peoples after European contact.
What is smallpox?
Before slavery became dominant, many poor Europeans came to the colonies under this labor arrangement.
What is indentured servitude?
This 1765 law placed direct taxes on printed materials and sparked widespread colonial protest.
What is the Stamp Act?
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Ending in 1848 by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, this conflict vastly expanded America's western lands and increased tensions over slavery.
What is the Mexican-American War?
Completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, this railroad linked the East and West coasts.
What is the First Transcontinental Railroad?
The Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War and gave the U.S. control of which territories? Name at least 2...
Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, Cuba (kinda)
This 1947 policy promised U.S. support for nations resisting communism, beginning with Greece and Turkey.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
This 1989 event symbolized the collapse of communist control in Eastern Europe.
What is the fall of the Berlin Wall?
This is the transfer of goods, ideas, and diseases across the Atlantic Ocean initiated by the first contact between Christopher Columbus and indigenous Americans.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Established in 1619 in the Virginia colony, this was the first representative assembly in British North America.
What is the House of Burgesses?
This pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued for complete independence from Britain.
What is Common Sense?
Henry Clay proposed this economic plan focused on tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.
What is the American System?
This proposal sought to ban slavery in territory gained from Mexico but never passed.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld “separate but equal.”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This president became known as a “trust-buster” for challenging corporate monopolies.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
This era of anti-communist investigations and fear was closely associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy.
What is McCarthyism (Second Red Scare)?
This 1994 trade agreement created a free trade zone between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
What is NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)?
This labor system granted Spanish settlers the right to demand labor from Indigenous peoples.
What is the encomienda system?
This 1620 agreement established self-government for the Pilgrims in Plymouth.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
This compromise created a bicameral legislature balancing large and small state interests.
What is the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)?
This 1823 doctrine warned European nations against further colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This controversial law required escaped enslaved people to be returned to enslavers, even from free states.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
This 1896 speech by William Jennings Bryan attacked the gold standard.
What is the “Cross of Gold” speech?
This amendment established the direct election of U.S. senators.
What is the 17th Amendment?
This 1954 Supreme Court case overturned “separate but equal” in public schools.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This 1991 military operation expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.
What is Operation Desert Storm or the Persian Gulf War?
This economic system emphasized accumulating wealth through strict government control of trade and colonies.
What is mercantilism?
John Winthrop described Massachusetts Bay as this model religious society that would serve as a beacon and example for the rest of the world.
What is a “city upon a hill”?
This constitutional agreement counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for representation.
3/5ths Compromise
This invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized cotton production and expanded slavery.
What is the cotton gin?
This doctrine, incorporated into the Kansas-Nebraska Act, allowed settlers to decide whether slavery would exist in their territories.
What is popular sovereignty?
Founded by Samuel Gompers, this union focused on skilled workers and better wages.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
This international organization was proposed by Woodrow Wilson but rejected by the U.S. Senate.
What is the League of Nations?
This 1964 law banned segregation in public facilities and outlawed employment discrimination.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This technological development transformed communication, business, and access to information in the late 20th century and was responsible for the economic boom of the late 90s.
What is the internet?
This 1676 uprising exposed tensions between frontier settlers (largely former indentured servants) and Virginia’s colonial government.
What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
This rebellion tested the new federal government’s authority when farmers protested an excise tax.
What is the Whiskey Rebellion?
This controversial 1830 law led to the forced relocation of southeastern Native Americans.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
In this 1857 Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
This system involved awarding government jobs based on political loyalty.
What is the spoils system (patronage)?
This 1925 trial symbolized the conflict between modern science and religious fundamentalism.
What is the Scopes Trial?
Lyndon B. Johnson launched this domestic reform agenda to fight poverty and racial injustice.
What is the Great Society?
These 2001 terrorist attacks led to the War on Terror.
What are the September 11 attacks (9/11)?
These laws required colonial trade to benefit England and restricted foreign shipping.
What are the Navigation Acts?
Alexander Hamilton’s supporters formed this political party favoring a strong central government.
What are the Federalists?
Name used to describe the event when South Carolina refused to follow federal laws they viewed as unconstitutional.
What is the nullification crisis?
This 1859 attack on Harpers Ferry was led by an abolitionist hoping to spark a slave revolt.
What is John Brown’s raid?
This 1882 law was the first major federal law restricting immigration based on nationality.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This term consisting of three words represented FDR's approach to dealing with the Great Depression.
The 3 Rs (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
This policy of easing tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union was a hallmark of the Nixon era.
What is détente?
This 2001 law expanded government surveillance and law enforcement powers after 9/11.
What is the USA PATRIOT Act?
This religious revival movement in the 1730s–1740s emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith.
What is the First Great Awakening?
Name 2 major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
No power to tax, no regulation of commerce, no executive branch, no national judiciary, nearly impossible to pass amendments, extremely challenging to pass laws, no national army
This religious revival movement inspired reform efforts such as abolitionism and women’s rights.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
This 1863 executive order declared enslaved people in Confederate states free.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This 1890 law was designed to break up monopolies, though it was initially weakly enforced.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This Supreme Court case upheld Japanese American internment during World War II.
What is Korematsu v. United States?
This group gained political power in the 1970s by emphasizing traditional values and opposing liberal social changes.
What is the New Right (or Religious Right)?