Enter Title

1

100

John B Watson

Established Behaviourism

Conducted Little Albert

200

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

love is composed of three interconnected components: intimacy (closeness), passion (physical attraction), and commitment (decision to remain together).

Different combinations of these three elements produce eight distinct types of love, with "consummate love" (possessing all three) considered the ideal form 

300

Carl Jung

introducing concepts like
introversion and extroversion
The collective unconscious - a universal, inherited layer of the unconscious mind  
Archetypes - universal, inborn models of personalities and behaviours

400

Mary Ainsworth

Attachment theory

The strange situation

Procedure to measure attachment styles between infants and caregivers. 

Her research identified key attachment patterns—secure, avoidant, and resistant/ambivalent

500

Harry Harlow's Monkey Attachment

Investigated attachment and the affectional bond between an infant and its mother.

 Cloth Mother vs. Wire Mother

Harlow (1958) separated infant monkeys from their mothers immediately after birth and placed in cages with access to two surrogate mothers, one made of wire and one covered in soft terry toweling cloth.

In one condition, only the wire mother provided food via an attached milk bottle; the cloth mother offered comfort alone. In a second condition, the cloth mother provided the milk.

Both groups of monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother (even if she had no milk).  The infant would only go to the wire mother when hungry.

Once fed it would return to the cloth mother for most of the day.  If a frightening object was placed in the cage the infant took refuge with the cloth mother (its safe base)

2

100

Zimbardo

He had to build a simulation on a prison, 24 participants were allocated 2 roles prisoner or guard. 

Ended early on day 6, after a graduate student complained, saying they were showing severe anxiety 

The guards took full advantage of their role

200

Lewin, Lippitt & White, 1939 - Founders of leadership styles

Founders of leadership styles

1. Authoritarian Leadership

This style of leadership is strongly focused on both command by the leader and control of the followers. There is also a clear division between the leader and the members.
 Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership.

2. Participative Leadership

Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. In Lewin’s study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a higher quality.

3. Delegative Leadership

Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be useful in situations involving highly qualified experts, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation. 

However, this style of leadership may be effective in teams that are:
• Motivated
• Highly skilled
• Knowledgeable

300

Functionalism

focuses why the mind works rather than just its structure

400

Heterogeneity

It is often possible to meet DSM criteria while having very different sets of symptoms. This is called symptomatic heterogeneity’

500

Transdiagnostic Mechanisms

is a chunk of a theory/explanation, that seems to apply across different problems/diagnoses

3

100

The Pygmalion Effect

Higher expectations placed upon individuals lead to an increase in their performance.

200

Social Power

This is the ability of a person to create conformity even when the people being influenced may attempt to resist those changes

E.g. 

Managers

300

Walster & Berscheid - Computer Date experiment

participants asked how much they'd like to go out again, the researchers found... 

 

The found that true love found you need passionate love and companionate love 

passionate love (intense, physiological arousal) 

companionate love (deep friendship and attachment). 

They proposed that passionate love requires high arousal, while companionate love thrives on equity and long-term commitment

400

Behaviourism Theory

All behaviour is learned through the environment

500

Descriptive vs Causal

• Descriptive approaches distinguish based on observable features 

• Causal approaches distinguish based on some underlying cause of the groupings

4

100

Festinger

Social comparison Theory - We evaluate ourselves based on comparisons and competition with outer people

Upward Comparison: Compare self to someone of higher standards 

Downward Comparison: Compare self to someone of lower standards 

Lateral Comparison: Compare self to someone we view to be on an equal level

200

Hofstede’s cultural dimensions

• Power Distance Index: Measures the extent to which less powerful members accept unequal power distribution. High PDI cultures (e.g., Malaysia) respect strict hierarchy and absolute authority. Low PDI cultures (e.g., New Zealand) value egalitarianism and consultative leadership.
• Individualism vs. Collectivism: Examines the degree of societal interdependence. Individualistic societies (e.g., United States) focus on personal goals and immediate family. Collectivist societies (e.g., Guatemala) prioritize group loyalty and community cohesion.
• Motivation toward Achievement and Success: Historically called Masculinity vs. Femininity. High achievement cultures focus on competition, ambition, and material success. Low achievement (or nurturing) cultures emphasize quality of life, relationship building, and consensus.
• Uncertainty Avoidance Index: Rates how comfortable a society is with ambiguity and the unknown. High UAI cultures (e.g., Greece) use strict laws, structured rules, and rigid religious guidelines to control anxiety. Low UAI cultures are more adaptable, relaxed, and open to changing rules. [1, 2, 3]
• Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation: Added later to evaluate how cultures balance future challenges with historical traditions. Long-term cultures (e.g., China) value persistence, thrift, and pragmatic adaptation. Short-term cultures focus on rapid results, national pride, and fulfilling immediate social obligations.
• Indulgence vs. Restraint: Gauges a society's capability to fulfill basic human desires. Indulgents (e.g., Mexico) prize leisure time, personal freedom, and immediate emotional gratification. Restrained cultures suppress impulse gratification through strict moral standards and social norms.
• 
  

300

Carl Rogers

Founded the humanistic approach to psychology and developing client-centred (or person-centred) therapy

400

Social Facilitation - Tripplett

performance increases when in competition with others

500

Christina Maslach

Researched Burnout

5

100

Te tiriti o Waitangi principles

Partnership | Pātuitanga: The Crown and Māori acting reasonably and in good faith to create a strong, enduring, and respectful relationship.

Participation | Whakauru: The right of Māori to participate in society, including decision-making and government processes.

Protection | Whakamarumarutia: Active protection of Māori interests, rights, culture, and taonga (treasured things)

200

Kaupapa Māori Principles

300

Pavlov

Conditional behaviours/Classical conditioning - learning where an automatic, involuntary reflex response becomes paired with a new, neutral stimulus

400

OCEAN

• O - Openness to Experience: Reflects creativity, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things.
• C - Conscientiousness: Reflects self-control, orderliness, responsibility, and goal-directed behavior.
• E - Extraversion: Measures how much an individual is energized by social interaction and external stimulation.
• A - Agreeableness: Represents a tendency toward compassion, cooperation, and social harmony.
• N - Neuroticism: Reflects emotional stability and the tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety or irritability

500

Milgram

The shock experiment

62.5% Continued to administer shocks at the highest level 

368 volts was the average shock level administered past the point of implied mutism due to damage. 

In the original study they couldn't see the victim but this wasn't the only experiment conducted.

Milgram found that there was an identical rate of obedience which was 65%