Power Dynamics
A strategic approach thateclectically combines hard and soft power to achieve political goals
What is Smart Power?
This 1648 peace agreement established the modern concept of state sovereignty and non-interference
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
The theoretical perspective that views the international system as anarchic and prioritized state survival
What is Realism?
Complex global problems that are interconnected and grow faster than countries can coordinate to fix them
What are Wicked Problems?
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What is the definition of sustainability?
The specific "face" of power where actor A gets actor B to do something they would not otherwise do
What is Relational Power?
A form of legitimacy based on the effectiveness of a government in delivering outcomes like security and economic welfare
What is Output Legitimacy?
The theory claiming that states and non-state actors can work together for mutual benefit through institutions and international law
What is Liberalism?
The term used when environmental degradation exacerbates existing security risks like mass migration or systemic instability
What is a Threat Multiplier?
These three dimensions make up the "Triple Bottom Line" or the "Three Pillars of Sustainability"
What are economic, social, and environmental sustainability?
The ability of powerful states or institutions to determine the rules and frameworks within which other actors must operate
What is Structural Power?
An arrangement where states voluntarily delegate certain powers to a common international entity to address mutual challenges
What is Pooled Sovereignty?
This critical theory focuses on ecological sustainability and challenges state-centric approaches
What is Environmentalism?
A multi-dimensional approach that prioritizes protecting individuals from transnational threats over defending state borders
What is Human Security?
These "second generation" rights include the right to education, healthcare, and an adequate standard of living
These "second generation" rights include the right to education, healthcare, and an adequate standard of living
A subversive type of power used by authoritarian states to manipulate public opinion and amplify divisions in other societies
What is Sharp Power?
The source of authority that members of society obey because they have faith in the leader's exceptional personal qualities
What is Charismatic Legitimacy?
A major belief of liberalism arguing that democracies are less likely to go to war with one another
What is the Democratic Peace Theory?
Harm caused by social institutions or power inequalities that prevents people from meeting basic needs
What is Structural Violence?
This type of justice focuses on the fair sharing of burdens and benefits, such as climate adaptation costs or global wealth
What is distributive justice?
A cooperative form of power where individuals or groups act in concert for a common public purpose
What is Power-with?
The dimension of sovereignty that refers to the independence of a state from any outside authorities
What is External Sovereignty?
These groups, such as Amnesty International, aim to shape global narratives and pressure governments to respect human rights
What are Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)?
The principle that wealthier nations contributing more to greenhouse emissions bear more accountability for climate financing
What is Historical Responsibility?
A viewpoint arguing that human rights are not universal but are shaped by unique local traditions, religious beliefs, and values
What is cultural relativism?