Middle ages
What system of society was Europe during the middle ages organized into?
Feudalism
What is Humanism?
Borrowing facts and information on the body and mind, on history, and on education from the Greeks and Romans
What is the Spanish Reconquista?
Away for the Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. It was also a war based on religious differences.
What is Imperialism?
Expanding a country’s power or influence through diplomacy or military force.
What is Hierarchy?
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other
What are Guilds?
Cooperative organizations called “guilds.” Guilds controlled the prices of goods, set standards of quality, and decided who would be admitted to the craft as a trainee or “apprentice”
Who are the architects?
Renaissance architects raised the status of their profession from skilled labourers to artists
What is the Spanish Inquisition?
A state-run system of courts where Church officials put believers of religious ideas other than Catholicism on trial. Muslims and Jews were given a choice to convert or to be exiled.
What were maps based on?
Maps were based on trade routes and the belief that Europe was the center of the world
What are Sumptuary laws?
Laws in Europe that controlled “consumption” or how people spend their money
What is the Silk Road and how did trade benefit Europe?
The Silk Road was a network of trade routes. The trade between Europe and the east benefitted Europe by allowing Europe to gain many different goods such as spices, cloths, and many valuable
What is the printing press and who invented it?
What is the printing press and who invented it?In 1450, a German named Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press that allowed books to be produced quickly and cheaply
How did the spanish inquisition affect the economy of Spain?
Many of the Muslims and Jews were financiers and business people. The loss of skill led to reduced economic growth.
Why did trade start to grow across Europe?
Trade started to grow across Europe because people with money demanded luxury goods
What is the Bill of exchange?
Much like cheques, it’s a way of exchanging your money at other banks. It was a safer way of transporting money instead of carrying bags of gold
What contributed to the success of the Italian City states?
The geography, climate, leadership, and social organization contributed to the success of the city states
Who is Johannes Kelper?
Tried to combine Ptolemy and Copernicus systems. Spent 20 years using math to test and prove his idea that planets orbited in the shape of an oval instead of a perfect circle
What led to the events of the Spanish Reconquista and Inquisition?
A series of ineffective rulers in the caliphate led to civil unrest. The loss of an unified state led to a loss of leadership.
What did the Renaissance explorers and monarchs who sponsored their voyages believe?
That they were following Jesus’s wishes in bringing Christianity to the people in the lands they visited
What is excommunication?
Officially exclude (someone) from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church
What effects did the Black Death have on Europe's Feudal system?
The Black Death killed many people causing the feudal system to collapse. Labour shortages on the manor led to nobles selling their land to the serfs. Serfs were released from their obligations to the lords. Peasants had more options. A new middle class formed.
Who is Martin Luther, and what did he do?
Martin Luther, a German monk, influenced by humanist methods, began to notice that the church was corrupt. He came to the conclusion that the Bible, rather than the Church, should be a Christian’s true spiritual guide. In 1517, Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses criticizing the selling of indulgences on the Church door in Wittenberg.
What is a difference between the Muslims and the Spanish when it comes to religious tolerance?
The Muslim Spain was a society that was relatively tolerant of religious minorities. Many religious Muslims wished to protect them under the name of Allah and his prophet Mohammed. The Spanish on the other hand, were not tolerant of religious minorities often forcing them to convert.
How many people died in the Renaissance, and how did they die?
Less than one-tenth of the original population died. They died because of diseases, such as smallpox, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, yellow fever, cholera, and malaria
What are patrons?
A person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity