CLINICAL CLUES
Infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (PTB)
A patient with hypertension has his blood pressure still elevated despite medications. Admits to eating instant noodles and processed meats almost every day.
LOW SODIUM DIET
Primary Nutrition goal for CKD patient with hyperkalemia
REDUCE INTAKE OF POTASSIUM
Patient with iron deficiency anemia = High Iron Diet
ALLOWED
Sudden, rapid decline in filtering function within hours or days, often caused by severe dehydration, infections, or pain medication overuse.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
A patient with acute pancreatitis reports severe abdominal pain that worsens after eating greasy foods
LOW-FAT DIET
Primary nutrition goal for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia and low hemoglobin
INCREASE IRON INTAKE
A patient with advanced CKD = DASH diet
RESTRICTED (DASH DIET (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is indicated for Hypertension. The standard DASH diet is high in potassium, phosphorus, and sometimes protein which may not be suitable for CKD patients.
Ranks a carbohydrate-containing foods on a scale from 0-100 based on how rapidly they turn into blood glucose compared to a reference
GLYCEMIC INDEX
A patient with CKD has her potassium levels elevated. Shares that she enjoys eating bananas, oranges, and tomatoes every day.
LOW POTASSIUM DIET
Primary nutrition goal for a CKD patient with hyperphosphatemia
REDUCE PHOSPHORUS INTAKE
A patient with cancer experiencing nausea and vomiting = Bland diet
ALLOWED (Nutrition intervention for Nausea/Vomiting side effect is bland foods, small meals, avoid greasy foods)
A condition characterized by an extreme limitation of food intake or variety due to sensory aversion (textures, smells) , low appetite or fear of negative consequences like choking.
AVOIDANT RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER (ARFID)
A patient has gout and experiences recurrent episodes of painful swelling in the big toe. Frequently consumes liver, sardines, and beer.
LOW-PURINE DIET
Primary nutrition goal for a patient with liver cirrhosis and ascites
REDUCE SODIUM INTAKE
A patient with refeeding syndrome risk after prolonged starvation = Slow, gradual, caloric advancements with electrolyte monitoring
ALLOWED (Gradual increase of calories reduces the risk of dangerous electrolyte shifts)
A severe wasting syndrome common in advanced cancer.
CANCER CACHEXIA
A patient with COPD has unintentionally lost 9kg over the past 4 months. Becomes fatigued during meals and has noticeable muscle wasting.
HIGH CALORIE DIET AND HIGH PROTEIN DIET
Primary nutrition goal for a CKD patient with fluid overload and edema
RESTRICT FLUID AND SODIUM INTAKE
A patient with Dumping syndrome after gastrectomy = Simple sugars; eat small frequent meals
RESTRICTED(Low carbohydrate diet is indicated for dumping syndromes. Simple sugars empty rapidly into the intestine, worsening dumping syndrome symptoms. )