The evolution of nursing
The nurse credited with establishing modern nursing practices, emphasizing sanitation and statistics during the Crimean War, and founding the first formal nursing school is:
Florence Nightingale
The Nurse Practice Act in each state primarily:
Defines the legal scope of practice for nurses
Therapeutic communication is best described as:
B) Purposeful use of techniques (e.g., open-ended questions, reflection, silence) to help patients express feelings and needs
Proper documentation in the patient record must be:
B) Accurate, timely, factual, objective, and legible
The single most effective measure to prevent the transmission of microorganisms is:
B) Performing proper hand hygiene
Which historical figure is known as the “Angel of the Battlefield,” founded the American Red Cross, and provided care during the Civil War?
Clara Barton
An LPN/LVN’s typical role regarding delegation includes:
Working under the supervision of an RN or physician and delegating to unlicensed assistive personnel within scope
Which behavior is a common barrier to effective nurse-patient communication?
A) Using medical jargon without explanation
When an error is made in documentation, the correct action is to:
C) Draw a single line through the error, write “error,” initial and date it, then add the correct information
Standard precautions are applied to:
B) All patients in all healthcare settings regardless of diagnosis
The first African American registered nurse in the United States was:
Mary Eliza Mahoney
Responsibility for obtaining informed consent for a procedure belongs to the:
Physician or qualified provider; the nurse’s role is to witness the signature
A patient says, “I’m really scared about tomorrow’s surgery.” The most therapeutic response is:
B) “Tell me more about what is worrying you.”
The SOAP format for documentation stands for:
A) Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
Which link in the chain of infection is primarily interrupted by proper hand hygiene and use of PPE?
C) Mode of transmission
Early practical/vocational nursing programs in the United States were primarily developed to:
Provide skilled bedside care in homes and for patients with chronic illnesses
The ethical principle that requires nurses to “do good” and actively promote patient well-being is:
Beneficence
Assertive communication by the nurse is demonstrated by:
B) Clearly stating needs and feelings using “I” statements while respecting others
Which practice violates legal and professional standards of documentation?
C) Documenting care that was not actually performed
Medical asepsis (clean technique) is best defined as:
B) Practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
Lillian Wald is best known for:
Founding the Henry Street Settlement and pioneering public health nursing
Falsifying a patient’s medical record or administering medication without a valid order can result in:
Civil liability, professional discipline, and potential criminal charges
When communicating with a patient about sensitive topics (e.g., end-of-life wishes or bad news), the nurse should prioritize:
B) Empathetic listening and allowing the patient to express feelings
Regarding incident reports:
A) They become part of the permanent medical record
B) They are internal quality-improvement tools and should not be referenced in the patient’s chart
C) The nurse should document “incident report completed” in the chart
D) They are used to assign blame to staff members
B
The correct order for donning personal protective equipment (PPE) is:
B) Gown → Mask/respirator → Eye protection/face shield → Gloves