Key Terms
Industrial Revolution
A period when machines changed how goods were made.
Invention that helped factories produce goods faster
Steam engine / Spinning Jenny / Power Loom
Why is steam engine historically significant?
It powered factories and transformed production.
Who generally benefited from the Industrial Revolution?
Factory owners/business owners
Explain why factories were important.
Factories were historically significant because they changed how goods were produced.Machines like the Spinning Jenny and Power Loom produced goods much faster. This made products cheaper and increased production.Modern factories still use machines to mass produce goods today.
Urbanisation
The movement of people from rural areas to cities.
Why did people move to cities?
To work in factories.
Why is urbanisation historically significant today?
Most people still live in cities.
Why might an early free settler have wanted to move to Australia?
To own land/ to find work/ to become wealthy/to start a new life
Explain why technology changed the world.
Technology during the Industrial Revolution changed society.The steam engine powered factories, trains and ships.This increased production, transport and global trade.Modern industry and transport still rely on technological innovation.
Imperialism
When a powerful country takes control of other countries for power, land or resources.
How did new technology contribute to colonisation?
Wealth → factories → poverty/crime → transportation of convicts → colonisation
Why was transportation of convicts significant?
It helped establish European settlement in Australia.
Why would a convict and a free settler might have had different opinions about living in Australia.
Convicts were forced to come; Settlers chose to come;Convicts had fewer freedoms;Settlers had more opportunities.
Explain how industrialisation led to globalisation.
Factories produced large amounts of goods.Steam ships and trains transported goods around the world.Countries became more connected through trade.Today, countries continue to trade goods globally.
Globalisation
The increasing connection between countries through trade, travel and communication.
How did Britain's growing wealth lead to Australia's colonisation?
Wealth → factories → poverty/crime → transportation of convicts → colonisation.
Why was global trade significant?
It connected countries and shaped today's economy.
Why might First Nations Australians have a different perspective on colonisation than British settlers?
Loss of land, culture and rights.
Explain how imperialism changed Australia.
Imperialism had a significant impact on Australia. Britain believed it had the right to expand its empire. Britain colonised Australia for land, resources and strategic reasons. This led to conflict with First Nations Australians and long-term cultural impacts.These impacts continue to influence Australian society today.
Mass production
Making large amounts of goods quickly using machines.
Explain one long-term effect of urbanisation.
Most Australians now live in cities/Pollution increased/Cities became centres of jobs and industry
Explain why the Industrial Revolution is still significant today.
Technology/Factories/Global trade/Cities/Modern economy
How did British beliefs about superiority affect Australia?
They justified colonisation, discrimination and policies such as the White Australia Policy.
How was the Industrial Revolution historically significant.
Transformed the modern world. New tech increased factory production. Goods became cheaper and easier to produce.Urbanisation increased as people moved to cities for work.Today, most Australians still live in cities. Britain became wealthier and expanded its empire. This contributed to the colonisation of Australia. The Industrial Revolution continues to shape modern society through technology, cities, trade and Australia's history.