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What are the three main particles that make up an atom?
Proton, electron, neutron
What determines the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent compounds?
In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to each other. Ionic bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron acceptor.
Define what an ion is.
A particle, atom, or molecule with a net electrical charge
Define atomic number and mass number.
An atomic number is the number of an atom's protons and the mass number is at the top of the of the element.
Which group of elements is known for having full valence shells?
Group 18
Which type of compound typically has higher melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds
What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?
The same number of protons and electrons exactly cancel one another.
Describe the trend of atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period.
It decreases
how does the number of protons affect an element's position on the periodic table.
It makes the number on the table go up by one.
Describe the process of how ionic compounds are formed.
it is positively charged and is called a cation. Because opposite charges attract, these oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming ionic bonds.
What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains electrons?
The atom that gains an electron becomes a negative ion.
Explain how the number of valence electrons influences an element's chemical properties.
The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's chemical properties, such as its valence whether it may bond with other elements and, if so, how readily and with how many.
How can you predict the bonding behavior of an element using its valence electrons?
The type of chemical bonds formed (ionic, covalent, metallic) is directly influenced by the valence electrons.
Explain why covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in any state.
they lack free, mobile charge carriers (ions or electrons) that would allow an electric current to flow through the material.
How does the number of neutrons affect the mass number of an isotope?
Having too many or too few neutrons relative to protons results in an unstable, or radioactive, nucleus that will sooner or later break down to a more stable form.
Discuss the implications of noble gases having full outer shells in terms of their chemical reactivity.
It makes them unreactive and chemically stable.
Analyze why noble gases are mostly inert compared to other elements.
Noble gases are considered inert in IB Chemistry because they have full valence shells, very high ionization energies, and little incentive to form bonds.
How do the properties of ionic compounds influence their use in batteries?
Li-ions move from cathode to anode via electrolyte to store energy during charging and move back to the cathode to release energy during discharging of the Li-ion battery.
Compare and contrast isotopes and ions in terms of their definitions and implications in chemistry.
Isotopes involve neutrons
Ions involve electrons