Viruses
The two ways that viruses replicate
The lytic and lysogenic cycles
Small rings of DNA that carry non-essential traits
Plasmids
Fluid containing white blood cells, proteins, and fats
lymph
a chemical that made by the immune system increases blood flow
histamine
an organism that causes a disease
pathogen
A non-living particle that reproduces by infecting cells
Virus
Long, whip-like tails that help bacteria move
Flagella
A small gland where white blood cells grow and mature
Thymus
tag antigens for destruction by immune cells
antibodies
any foreign substance that can stimulate an immune response
antigen
Viruses that infect bacteria
Bacteriophage
the direct transfer of DNA between two bacteria through physical contact
conjugation
a type of white blood cell that does not activate until a different cell presents the antigen
t-cell
a type of immunity that uses B cells to make antibodies that float in body fluids to stop outside invaders
humoral immunity
a type of white blood cell that detects pathogens
mast cells
Proteins that prevent viruses from growing
interferons
Treatments for bacterial infections that don't work on viruses
antibiotics
the formal term for a white blood cell
lymphocyte
Cells that remember old pathogens and rapidly activate an immune response if the pathogen appears again
memory b-cells
A type of cell that makes B-cells divide rapidly during humoral responses
two features shared by all viruses
genetic material and a protein capsid
the ability for bacteria to survive despite antibiotics that would typically kill them
antibiotic resistance
An organ that filters blood and destroys old or damaged red blood cells
spleen
white blood cells that produce antibodies that are carried through the bloodstream and die after the infection is gone
plasma cells
an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls
lysozyme