Before Psychology
Ancient peoples often blamed unusual behavior on demons, spirits, or what other supernatural force?
What are Gods?
Three Greek thinkers began asking questions about how the body and mind were related?
Who are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Psychology as a science really began about how long ago?
Just over 150 years ago
Known as the "Father of Psychology"
Who is Wilhelm Wundt
What method did Wundt use in which subjects reported on their own thoughts and feelings?
Introspection
What practice used the positions of the sun, stars, and planets to supposedly explain people's lives?
What is Astrology?
Around what time did these Greek thinkers explore the relationship between the mind and body?
Around 400 BC
What two existing sciences contributed to the development of psychology?
Philosophy and physiology
In what year did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychology laboratory in Germany?
1879
Psychological approach developed by William James emphasized the functions rather than the structures of consciousness.
What is Functionalism?
What is the study of numbers to determine their supposed influence on one's life or future?
What is Numerology
Greek thinkers theorized that emotions, thoughts, and mental health came from what part of the body?
What is the brain
What field studies the nature of truth, reality, and values?
Philosophy
Known as the "Father of American Psychology"
Who is William James
Approach developed by Freud involved free association, dreams, and past experiences.
What is Psychoanalysis?
Give two supernatural or non-scientific approaches ancient or early peoples used to explain behavior.
What are supernatural forces, astrology, numerology, horoscopes, fortune telling, palm reading, or phrenology.
Before these Greek ideas, people often associated thoughts and emotions with what other organ?
What is the heart
What field studies living organisms, their parts, and how they work?
Physiology
Developed psychoanalysis and emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Approach associated with John B. Watson focused on objectively observable behavior.
What is Behaviorism?
Why were these early explanations considered different from modern scientific psychology?
They were based on beliefs or speculation rather than objective scientific study.
Major question about human beings were the Greek philosophers beginning to investigate
What is the relationship between the body and the mind.
Give two reasons psychology did not become a science earlier.
People did not believe the mind could be studied objectively, and the necessary technology was not available.
Was a leader of behaviorism and argued that psychology should focus on objectively observable behavior.
Who is John B. Watson?
Early practice claimed that bumps and depressions on the head were related to personality traits and moral character.
What is Phrenology?