General
Nucleic Acids, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins
Carbohydrates provide ___ for the cell.
Short term energy and some structure.
What is the function and characteristics of a Lipid?
Long-term storage and cell membrane structure. They do not dissolve in water.
What is the function of a protein?
Provide structure and speed up chemical reactions.
What is the function of Nucleic Acids?
Carry a cell's genetic information and metabolic functions.
What are the two families of molecules on Earth?
Organic and Inorganic
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
What are the three types of lipids?
Triglyceride, Phospholipid, Steroid
Proteins are made up of....
Amino Acids
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides
What are the structures and functions or organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic- building blocks of life. Made of carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic- everything else (salts, metals, water, oxygen). small molecules
What's the structure and an example of a monosaccharide?
Simple sugar made of one molecule.
Ex: Glucose- main energy source for cells
Fructose- sugar found in plants
Galactose- sugar found in milk
What's the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?
Saturated- straight hydrogen, maximum number of hydrogens bonded to carbon, all single bonds
unsaturated- bent hydrogen-carbon chains, some double bonds. (cis and trans)
What are the bonds that join amino acids together?
Peptide Bonds
What are the two types of nucleic acids? How do they differ?
DNA- deoxyribose, double stranded, ATGC
RNA- ribose, single strand, AUGC
When a phosphate bond is broken lots of ____ is released.
Energy
What is the structure and an example of a disaccharide?
Double sugar molecule.
Ex: Sucrose- table sugar (glucose+fructose)
Lactose- milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
maltose- malt sugar (glucose+glucose)
What is a phospholipid? What are the hydrophilic and Hydrophobic regions?
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group.
water loving vs water fearing
The final shape of a protein is crucial to its ____
Function
What is the nucleic acid for energy?
ATP
Phospholipids form a ____ that forms the structure of a cell membrane. Draw
Bilayer.
What is the structure of and an example of a polysaccharide?
Complex, many sugar molecules.
Ex: Starch- in plants
glycogen- in liver of animals
cellulose- in plant cell structures
What is the structure of a steroid? Name one example.
4 fused carbon rings.
Ex: hormones, drugs, cholesterol
What are the 4 levels of organization for proteins?
Primary-linear
Secondary- takes shapes (alpha helix and beta sheets)
Tertiary- form 3D shapes
Quaternary- multiple subunits.
What are base pairs?
G with C
T with A-dna or U-rna