Crusades
The Crusades were primarily fought between what two forces over control over who?
Christians and Muslims
Jerusalem
Improved shipbuilding helped Europeans make longer voyages across what sea?
Mediterranean Sea
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The Crusades increased European demand for luxury goods like what?
Silk and spices
"Renaissance" means what?
Rebirth
The Crusades were initially motivated by what?
A small, highly maneuverable ship that later revolutionized exploration was the what?
caravel
Attempted a northeast route to Asia; faced ice and harsh Arctic conditions; learned about Arctic navigation and whales
First, Second, Third, or Fourth Voyage?
First Voyage
Eurpoeans wanted direct routes to Asia to bypass what?
Muslim-controlled territiries
A Renaissance thinker who revolutionized communication was who?
Johannes Gutenberg
A major long term effect of the Crusades was growth in what?
trade and exploration
The astrolabe was used to measure the position of the what?
stars
Attempted a northeast passage again; faced similar ice/cold problems; made detailed observations but still failed
First, Second, Third, or Fourth Voyage
Second Voyage
The Hanseatic League connected the Baltic sea with what other sea?
Mediterranean
Why was Prince Henry the Navigator important?
He sponsored voyages and supported navigation learning
The compass helped sailors determine their what?
Discovered Hudson Strait and explored Hudson Bay; ended with a crew rebellion and Hudson being set adrift
First, Second, Third, or Fourth Voyage?
Fourth Voyage
Columbus's 1942 Voyage was primarily seeking a western route to where?
Asia
What was a major Muslim power controlling key trade areas?
Ottoman Empire
The Byzantine Empire, Muslim Caliphates, and Selojuk Turks were examples of what?
Advanced cultures Europeans encountered
Arabic works on geography and astronomy were translated into what?
Latin
Explored the Hudson River and the area that became New Amsterdam (later New York); helped establish Dutch claims
First, Second, Third, or Fourth Voyage?
Third Voyage
Instead of Asia, Columbus reached where?
Americas
The Renaissance period spanned roughly during what time frame?
14th to 17th centuries