Chemistry of Life
This is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
What is an atom?
This functional group contains an -OH and often increases a molecule's ability to interact with water.
This is the simplest type of carbohydrate and serves as a monomer for larger carbohydrates.
What is a monosaccharide?
This type of lipid consists of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids.
What is a triglyceride?
These are the monomers that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
This functional group can donate H⁺ and is therefore typically acidic.
What is a carboxyl group?
This type of covalent bond joins two monosaccharides together.
What is a glycosidic bond?
These are the primary components of a triglyceride.
What are glycerol and three fatty acids?
These are the monomers that make up nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
This type of molecule has an uneven distribution of electrical charge because electrons are shared unequally.
What is a polar molecule?
This functional group contains a carbon double-bonded to oxygen.
What is a carbonyl group?
This is the primary short-term energy source provided by carbohydrates to cells.
What is glucose?
This type of fatty acid contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
This bond joins amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
What is a peptide bond?
This type of bonding is considered to be a transfer of electrons
What are ionic bonds?
This negatively charged functional group contains phosphorus bonded to oxygen and is commonly found in molecules such as ATP and phospholipids.
What is a phosphate group?
This type of carbohydrate is made up of two monosaccharides joined together.
What is a disaccharide?
This type of lipid contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails and is a major component of cell membranes.
What is a phospholipid?
This bond connects nucleotides within the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
These electrons are located in an atom's outermost energy level and are primarily responsible for its chemical behavior.
What are valence electrons?
This functional group can accept an H⁺ and is therefore commonly associated with basic properties.
What is an amino group?
This type of carbohydrate consists of many monosaccharides linked together and includes molecules such as starch and glycogen.
What is a polysaccharide?
This property allows phospholipids to interact with both water and nonpolar substances, causing them to form structures such as bilayers.
What is amphipathicity?
These three components make up a nucleotide.
What are a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base?