Vocab Basics
A term that describes an event that can be observed or experienced
Phenomenon
The term for two objects hitting or contacting each other is:
Collision
The law that explains why an unbelted passenger keeps moving forward when a car suddenly stops
Newton's First Law
A free-body diagram is best described as:
A simple diagram showing the forces acting on one object
A student slides a CD case across a classroom floor and it gradually slows to a stop. Which force is responsible for slowing it down?
Friction
A term that describes how much matter an object contains
Mass
Which type of collision conserves both kinetic energy and momentum?
Elastic Collision
The law that states a forces come in equal and opposite pairs
Newton's Third Law
On a free body diagram, each force acting on an object is shown as a(n):
Arrow
A bowling ball is held above a CD case and then dropped. As it falls toward the CD case, its potential energy converts into:
Kinetic energy
A push or pull caused by an interaction between objects is called a:
Force
A type of collision that conserves momentum but loses kinetic energy to heat, sound, or deformation
Inelastic Collision
The law that relates force, mass, and acceleration
Newton's Second Law
A free-body diagram for a car in a head-on crash shows only the force of the wall pushing back on the car, the friction, and normal force. Which force is missing from the diagram?
Gravity
Which safety feature increases stopping time and spreads force over a larger area by inflating during a crash?
Airbag
During a collision, energy moving from one object to another is called:
Energy Transfer
If you double the mass of a moving object and keep its speed the same, its kinetic energy will:
Double
The greatest amount of force experienced during a collision is called:
Peak Force
A free-body diagram of a sliding, braking car includes the braking force but leaves out the force between the tires and the road. Which force is missing?
Friction
Which part of a car is designed to buckle and fold during a collision, absorbing kinetic energy over a longer time and distance?
Crumple zone
A diagram or representation used to explain a phenomenon is called a:
Model
If you double the speed of a moving object and keep its mass the same, its kinetic energy will:
Quadruple
The maximum stress a material can withstand before permanent deformation occurs is its:
Elastic Limit
A free-body diagram of a car sitting on the road must include the force pushing up on the car from the road's surface, called the:
Normal Force
Compared to rigid, stiff materials, deformable/cushioning materials (like foam) reduce peak force because they:
Increase impact time and absorb energy