Abri
The discomfort we experience when our behavior does not align with our thoughts or beliefs.
Exp: Eating unhealthy food while wanting to eat clean: People may say “I’ll start tomorrow” to reduce guilt or procrastination despite valuing achievement: Students justify delaying work by saying they “work better under pressure.”
What is Cognitive Dissonance
What makes people like or love each other
Ex. Sitting near each other means they see one another every day. This regular contact creates familiarity.
What is Interpersonal Attraction
The tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or social group memberships.
Ex: You think someone is not smart because they are quiet and don’t talk much.
What is Stereotyping
A person's relatively enduring evaluations of people and things
What is Attitudes
behavior that is intended to harm another individual, physically or psychologically.
Example: A football player intentionally shoves an opposing player after a play because he is angry, trying to hurt or intimidate him.
What is Aggression
The tendency to continue a course of action in which one has already invested money, time, or effort.
Exp: Staying in an unhappy relationship or unfulfilling job because of years already invested.
What is sunk cost fallacy?
Having negative behaviors towards others based on prejudice
Ex. Not hiring a qualified candidate because of their age, religion, or national origin.
What is Social Discrimination
The tendency to dislike people because of their group memberships.
Ex: You refuse to work with someone because of where they are from.
What is prejudice?
The process of trying to determine the causes of people's behavior
What is Attribution
a change in beliefs or behavior that occurs as the result of the presence of the other people around us
Example: You start wearing a certain style of clothes because most of your friends wear them, even though you did not wear that style before.
What is Conformity
[Blank] can be very effective in persuading others?
Techniques
Exp: Using humor, Choosing effective communicators, and Considering the listeners goals are a few techniques that can be used to effectively persuade others.
Expectations about others personality that leads us to behave in ways that make those beliefs come true
Ex. A student believes they will fail a test. They do not study, and as a result, they fail the test.
What is Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
the part of human thinking that helps us understand and predict the behavior of ourselves and others
Ex: You see someone smiling and think they must be happy.
What is Social cognition
These two things affect each other
Ex: A student is excited about a test, so they study hard and do their best.
What is Attitude and Behavior
group members who are prioritizing group harmony do not voice concerns about a decision being made, with the end result being a poor group decision.
Example: A group of students agrees to choose a project idea even though one student thinks it is a bad idea, because they do not want to disagree with the group
What is Groupthink
Any behavior we engage in to benefit others
Exp:A child offering part of their lunch to a friend, donating clothes to a shelter, or contributing to a food drive
What is Prosocial Behavior?
Over estimating role of personal factors and overlooking the impact of situations in judging others
Ex. If a friend forgets to text you back, you think they are selfish. If you forget to text back, you assume you were too overwhelmed with chores.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error
the accepted beliefs about what we do or should do in particular social situations.
Ex: You wait in line instead of cutting in front of other people.
What is Social norms
5 factors in relationship satisfaction and durability
What is Intimacy, Interdependence, Commitment, Rewarding, and Responsiveness
any behavior designed to increase another person’s welfare and particularly those actions that do not seem to provide a direct reward to the person who performs them.
Example: You notice a classmate forgot their lunch, so you share some of your food with them without expecting anything in return
What is Altruism
Positive moods, Similarity, Guilt, Empathy, Gratitude, Benefits, and Self-preservation.
Exp: Dr. Abigail Marsh, a psychology professor, experienced a situation where a stranger risked their own safety to help her after a car incident. The helper acted without expectation of reward, demonstrating how empathy for another’s distress can prompt selfless, prosocial action.
What are factors that increase prosocial behavior?
Tendency to prefer stimuli (people or things) that we see frequently
Ex. knowing of other people watching oneself that changes an individuals performance, conformity levels, or task speed
What is the Mere Exposure Effect
the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the other people around us and how those people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior
What is Social psychology
Two types of attribution
Ex: You see a coworker snap at someone and think they are rude. Later, you find out they had a bad day, so you understand why they acted that way.
What is Personal and Situational
the mistaken belief that observing or engaging in less harmful aggressive actions will reduce more harmful aggression later.
Example: Someone gets angry and punches a pillow, thinking it will make them less likely to be aggressive later, but they may still feel angry afterward.
What is Catharsis