Temperature & Particles
This is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
What is temperature?
Thermal energy naturally transfers from this temperature to this temperature.
What is higher temperature to lower temperature (hot → cold)?
The phase change from solid to liquid.
What is melting?
If the same amount of energy is added to the same material, this usually has the greater temperature change: a smaller mass or larger mass?
What is a smaller mass?
The variable that the scientist purposely changes.
What is the independent variable?
As temperature increases, particles generally move this way.
What is Faster
A 90°C metal block is placed in 25°C water. Thermal energy moves in this direction.
What is from the metal to the water?
The phase change from gas to liquid.
What is condensation?
Why does a larger sample usually experience a smaller temperature change when given the same amount of energy?
What is the energy is spread through more matter?
The variable that is measured during an investigation.
What is the dependent variable?
Particles in this state of matter vibrate in place and are packed closely together.
What is a solid?
When two objects reach the same temperature and there is no net thermal energy transfer, they have reached this.
What is thermal equilibrium?
During freezing, thermal energy is added or removed?
What is removed?
This type of material allows thermal energy to transfer through it easily.
What is a conductor?
In an experiment testing how mass affects temperature change, this is the independent variable.
What is mass of water?
Two cups of water are both 40°C, but one contains twice as much water. How does their average kinetic energy compare?
What is the same?
A small cup is 80°C and a large bucket is 40°C. Explain why the bucket could still have more thermal energy.
What is the bucket contains much more matter?
Liquid water becoming water vapor is this phase change, and it requires energy to be added.
What is vaporization?
A metal spoon and a plastic spoon are placed in hot soup. The metal spoon becomes hot much faster. Explain why.
What is metal is a better thermal conductor than plastic?
In CER, this part explains the science that connects your evidence to your claim.
What is reasoning?
Explain why having more particles does not automatically mean an object has a higher temperature.
What is temperature depends on average kinetic energy, not the number of particles?
Name the three major factors from the study guide that affect thermal energy.
What are temperature, amount of matter, and type/state of matter?
Explain why temperature can remain nearly constant while ice is melting even though energy is being added
What is the energy is changing particle arrangement/interactions instead of increasing average kinetic energy?
Materials such as foam, plastic, and rubber slow down thermal energy transfer and are called this.
What are insulators?
A flat section on a heating graph may indicate this is happening.
What is a phase change?