Passive Transport
Passive transport is defined by molecules moving in this specific directional path relative to their concentration gradient.
What is: Down the gradient (or from high to low concentration)?
This molecule provides the direct chemical energy required by transport proteins to pump molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
An animal cell placed in this type of low-solute solution will experience a net influx of water, causing it to swell and potentially burst.
What is: A hypotonic solution?
This is the smallest, most basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
What is: A cell?
While a cell always contains double-stranded DNA, a virus can carry its genetic information as either DNA or this single-stranded molecule.
What is: RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)?
Unlike active transport, passive transport can happen spontaneously because it requires zero input of this cellular energy molecule.
What is: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
Unlike passive diffusion, active transport moves substances in this specific direction relative to their concentration gradient.
What is: against the concentration gradient? (Low to High)
This term describes a solution whose solute concentration matches the inside of the cell exactly, resulting in no net movement of water.
An isotonic solution?
Under Mississippi standard BIO.1A.3, this level of organization is defined as a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
What is: A tissue?
Instead of a complex phospholipid bilayer membrane, a virus protects its genetic material using this simple protein shell.
What is: A capsid?
This specific term describes the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is: Osmosis?
This form of active bulk transport involves a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane to expel waste or secrete proteins out of the cell.
What is: Exocytosis?
When a plant cell is placed in this high-solute environment, its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a damaging process called plasmolysis.
What is: A hypertonic solution?
Because it is made of multiple specialized tissues (dermal, vascular, and ground) working together, a plant leaf is classified at this level of organization.
What is: An organ?
This type of simple cell reproduces independently through binary fission, unlike a virus which must assemble its parts inside a host.
What is: A prokaryote (or bacterium)?
This type of passive transport uses specialized carrier or channel proteins to help large or charged molecules cross the membrane without using energy.
What is: Facilitated diffusion?
This vital electrogenic pump maintains homeostasis by moving 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions it brings in. (hint It Pumps)
What is: The Sodium-Potassium Pump? Protein Pump?
Plant cells thrive best in hypotonic environments because incoming water creates this internal fluid pressure against the cell wall, keeping the plant upright.
What is: Turgor pressure (or turgidity)?
The human heart, blood vessels, and blood collaborate to form the circulatory system, which represents this complex biological level.
What is: An organ system?
Which category does HIV belong to?
What is: Virus
Passive transport will continue until molecules are evenly distributed and the cell reaches this state, where there is no net movement in either direction.
What is: Dynamic equilibrium?
Under Mississippi standard BIO.1D, cells utilize active transport to maintain this stable, regulated internal environment despite external changes.
What is: Homeostasis?
To prevent devastating cellular swelling and lysis in a hypotonic environment, freshwater protists like the amoeba actively pump out excess water using this specialized, energy-consuming organelle.
What is: A contractile vacuole?
This is the correct structural hierarchy of a multicellular organism, sorted from the least complex level to the most complex level.
What is: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System?
Which category does Streptococcus belong to?
What is: Cell (Bacteria -> Prokaryotic Cell)