Heart of the Matter
What coronary artery most commonly supplies the AV node?
RCA
What type of urinary cast is classically associated with acute tubular injury?
Muddy brown granular casts.
What is the most common cause of a transudative pleural effusion?
Heart Failure
What cranial nerve is most commonly affected by increased intracranial pressure?
CN VI, the abducens nerve.
What organism is the most common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What auscultatory maneuver increases the murmur of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
Valsalva
What nephron segment reabsorbs the greatest percentage of filtered sodium?
Proximal convoluted tubule.
What pulmonary function measurement is characteristically increased in emphysema but decreased in pulmonary fibrosis?
Lung Compliance
What artery is most commonly involved in lateral medullary syndrome?
PICA.
What organism classically causes pneumonia associated with hyponatremia, diarrhea, and relative bradycardia?
Legionella pneumophila.
What antiarrhythmic drug displays reverse-use dependence and is associated with torsades de pointes?
Sotalol
What diuretic-sensitive transporter is defective in Gitelman syndrome
Thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC).
Deficiency of what protein predisposes to panacinar emphysema, particularly in the lower lobes?
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
What antibody is most commonly associated with myasthenia gravis?
Acetylcholine receptor antibody.
What encapsulated yeast is identified using cryptococcal antigen and classically causes meningitis in advanced HIV?
Cryptococcus neoformans.
What gene encoding the cardiac sodium-channel alpha subunit is most commonly associated with Brugada syndrome?
SCN5A
What complement abnormality is classically seen in dense deposit disease?
Alternative complement pathway dysregulation / C3 nephritic factor.
What autoantibody is most strongly associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis?
Anti-GM-CSF antibody.
What antibody is associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?
Aquaporin-4 IgG.
What gram-negative organism associated with ecthyma gangrenosum produces the exotoxin pyocyanin?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What desmosomal protein is encoded by the gene most commonly implicated in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2)
Mutations in what podocyte protein cause the autosomal-recessive form of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type?
Nephrin (NPHS1).
What protein is encoded by the gene mutated in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome?
Folliculin.
What CSF assay detects misfolded prion protein and has largely replaced 14-3-3 protein as the preferred highly specific test for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
RT-QuIC (real-time quaking-induced conversion).
What thermally dimorphic fungus endemic to Southeast Asia produces yeast forms with a characteristic transverse septum?
Talaromyces marneffei.