Chapter 4
Specialized cells that selectively detect and transmit sensory information to the brain.
What are sensory receptors?
Higher-Level Consciousness
Lower-Level Consciousness
Altered States of Consciousness
Subconscious Awareness
What are levels of awareness?
Behaviorism, Associative Learning/Conditioning and Observational
What is Learning Theory?
Encoding, storage and retrieval.
What are the phases of memory?
The random number I mentioned this morning.
What is 27?
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense.
What is perception?
Drug states, fatigue, illness, trauma, deprivation, meditation, hypnosis, psychological disorders.
What are altered states of consciousness?
Classical and Operant Conditioning
What are types of Associative Learning?
Shallow (Physical, perceptual features), Intermediate (category label) and deep (meaningful, symbolic characteristics).
What are encoding levels of processing?
Scientist who introduced a dog, a bell and food.
Who is Pavlov?
The process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming them into neural energy.
What is sensation?
Flushes waste from the brain, body rejuvenation and growth
What is restorative function of sleep?
Organisms learn association between behavior and consequences.
Example: Performing well in a swim competition with getting awards.
What is Operant Conditioning?
Failure to distinguish real memories (external source) from self-generate thoughts (internal source).
What are false memories?
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior
What is punishment?
Photoreception, Mechanoreception, Chemoreception
What are classes of sensory receptors?
Cognitive Theory, Freud's Psychodynamic Approach and Activation-Synthesis Theory
What are theories of dreaming?
Organisms learn to anticipate events.
Example: Child associates fear of getting a shot with doctor's office.
What is Classical Conditioning?
Passage of time---->forgetting
What is Decay Theory?
Feature detectors, parallel processing and binding
What are aspects of visual processing?
Texture gradients, height in field, linear perspective, shading, familiar size, overlap.
What are monocular cues?
Decreased activity in thalamus and prefrontal cortex, inability to sustain attention, poor decision making and problem solving.
What are results of sleep deprivation?
Fixed ratio, Variable ratio, Fixed interval, variable interval
What are schedules of partial reinforcement?
Effort retrieval of known information
Can retrieve some but not all information
What is Tip-of-the-Tongue Theory?
Periodic physiological fluctuations that are annual or seasonal.
What are biological rhythms?