Status & Roles
A status assigned at birth or involuntarily later in life, such as age, is called this.
Ascribed Status
A student knows they should study four hours but actually studies only one hour. The four-hour goal represents this.
Role Expectation
A small group characterized by long-term face-to-face interaction and strong emotional ties.
Primary Group
Tönnies used this term to describe close-knit communities based on shared traditions and personal bonds.
Gemeinschaft
The total web of direct and indirect relationships linking a person to the rest of society.
Social Network
A status earned through effort, choice, or talent, such as becoming a licensed commercial pilot, is called this.
Achieved Status
The student's actual one hour of studying represents this.
Role Performance
A formal, goal-oriented group that tends to have more impersonal relationships.
Secondary Group
Tönnies used this term to describe impersonal, contract-based relationships common in modern society.
Gesellschaft
This "map" helps people understand how they should act in different social situations.
Social Map
This type of status dominates all other statuses and can shape a person's entire social identity.
Master Status
Tension between the demands of two different statuses, such as being a student and an employee, is called this.
Role Conflict
A group that you use as a standard for evaluating your own behavior and values, even if you aren't a member.
Reference Group
Durkheim's type of solidarity found in pre-industrial societies is based on people being similar and sharing common beliefs.
Mechanical Solidarity
The movement of populations from farms and rural areas into cities during industrialization.
Urbanization
The societal expectations about how someone should behave in a particular status are called this.
Role Expectations
Tension caused by competing demands within a single status is called this.
Role Strain
The "us versus them" mentality involving loyalty to your own
In Groups
Durkheim's type of solidarity develops from specialization and a complex division of labor.
Organic Solidarity
The Industrial Revolution replaced human and animal labor with machines. Sociologists call this process what?
Mechanization
The actual behavior a person displays while carrying out the expectations of a role is called this.
Role Performance
Marcus is a basketball captain who has a championship game at the same time his employer requires him to work. What concept does this demonstrate?
Role Conflict
Having Antagonism towards another group.
Out-Group
Durkheim used this term to describe normlessness or social instability during periods of rapid social change
Anomie
A society that survives by hunting wild animals and gathering naturally occurring plants.
Hunting and Gathering Society