Carbon & Sugars
Carbon can form up to this many covalent bonds
What is four?
This tough, indigestible carbohydrate makes celery hard to chew.
What is cellulose?
Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they won't dissolve in this.
What is water?
These proteins act as catalysts, speeding up reactions without being used up.
What are enzymes?
This is the monomer of DNA.
What is a nucleotide?
Carbon has this many valence electrons
What is four?
This branched glucose polymer stores energy in the liver and muscles.
What is glycogen?
A triglyceride is three fatty acids attached to this small molecule.
What is glycerol?
These are the monomers of proteins.
What are amino acids?
Every nucleotide has these three parts.
What are a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
Carbon atoms can link into straight chains, branched chains, or this shape.
What are rings?
Starch is a mix of these two chain types, one straight and one branched.
What are amylose (straight) and amylopectin (branched)?
Butter and other animal fats are mostly this type, with only single carbon-carbon bonds.
What are saturated fats?
This part of an amino acid, also called the side chain, is what makes each one different.
What is the R group?
In DNA, A pairs with this base and G pairs with this one.
What are T and C?
The monomers of carbohydrates are called this.
What are simple sugars?
This carbohydrate forms insect and crustacean exoskeletons.
What is chitin?
Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen belong to this class of lipids built from fused carbon rings.
What are steroids?
The alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of this level of protein structure.
What is secondary structure?
G–C pairs are held by this many hydrogen bonds, and A–T pairs by this many.
What are three and two?
Glucose, galactose, and fructose differ in these two ways.
What are the placement of OH groups and shape of the ring?
The body breaks down starch in this type of reaction.
What is hydrolysis?
This lipid has a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic tails, and it forms the cell membrane bilayer.
What is phospholipid?
Proteins built from several interacting subunits have this level of structure.
What is quaternary structure?
Name any two ways RNA differs from DNA.
What are:
ribose instead of deoxyribose
uracil instead of thymine
usually single-stranded