Water & Life
The property of water that describes its attraction to other water molecules
What is cohesion?
Because carbon has 4 outer electrons, it can form this many covalent bonds.
What is 4?
The functional group written as −OH, commonly found in organic alcohols.
What is a hydroxyl group?
An environmental or biological cue, like a red underbelly on a stickleback, that initiates a specific behavior
What is a sign stimulus?
Conflict interactions between members of the same species that are often threatening and lead to submission, injury, or death.
What is agonistic behavior?
The type of bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of a neighboring water molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
DAILY DOUBLE: Molecules consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which are non-polar and hydrophobic.
What are hydrocarbons?
The functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (−CO).
What is a carbonyl group?
Unlearned, reflex-like behaviors that are not conscious decisions, such as a dog digging inside the house without dirt.
What is a fixed action pattern?
Pre-mating rituals where female animals evaluate male traits, songs, or dances.
What is courtship behavior?
The primary mechanism that allows humans to cool their body surface through sweating during exercise or heat stress.
What is evaporative cooling?
Compounds that share the exact same molecular formula but have different structural arrangements and properties.
What are isomers?
The functional group written as −NH2, whose organic compounds are referred to as amines.
What is an amino group?
A random change in movement speed (faster or slower) in response to environmental factors.
What is kinesis?
Behavior where an individual alerts pack members to nearby danger, increasing risk to itself.
What is altruistic behavior (or altruism)?
A substance that prevents large, sudden changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions (H+).
What is a buffer?
These isomers share the same covalent bonds but differ specifically in their spatial arrangements.
What are geometric isomers?
The functional group (−SH) that plays a key role in stabilizing protein structures.
What is a sulfhydryl group?
Directional movement toward or away from a specific stimulus.
What is taxis (positive or negative taxis)?
Learning to ignore repeated stimuli due to a lack of consequences, such as sleeping through background thunder.
What is habituation?
This ecological phenomenon occurs because solid ice is less dense than liquid water, creating a layer that protects aquatic life in winter.
What is thermal insulation
Isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
What are enantiomers?
This functional group (−H2PO4) is critical in cellular energy transfer and storage, such as in ATP.
What is a phosphate group?
A form of learned behavior characterized by an irreversible attachment formed early in development, famously studied by Konrad Lorenz.
What is imprinting?
The conditioning procedure demonstrated by Pavlov's dogs, where a learned behavior is initiated by an associated stimulus.
What is classical conditioning?