Carbs
What are the three elements that make up all carbohydrate molecules?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- Long-term energy storage
- Structural basis of cell membranes
- Enable cell signaling through hormones
- Provide insulation and protection
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
Storing (& transmitting) genetic information
Which would be better for long term energy storage: carbohydrates or lipids?
Lipids
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in animals?
Short term energy storage
What are the three main types of lipid molecules?
Phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides
Structure, transporting materials, acting as enzymes, defense against foreign materials, & movement (actin & myosin allow muscle contraction)
What is the monomer of a nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What process joins two smaller molecules (monomers) together to form a larger molecule (polymer)?
Dehydration synthesis
What’s an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What type of lipid makes up most of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid
What are the 8 amino acids that your body cannot synthesize called?
Essential amino acids
DNA base pairing:
A --> ____
C --> ____
A -->T
C -->G
A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. What do these terms mean?
Hydrophobic - water-fearing (non polar, avoids water)
Hydrophilic - water-loving
What is the primary function of starch in plants?
To form rigid cell walls that provide structural support to plant cells
What is the primary STRUCTURAL difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
What part of the amino acid structure makes each amino acid unique?
R group
Why is the order of nucleotides important in DNA?
The sequence stores specific genetic information/instructions. A change in the sequence = a change in the protein it codes.
This process breaks large molecules apart into monomers by adding water
Hydrolysis
How do chitin and cellulose serve similar functions in different organisms?
Both are structural polysaccharides that provide strength and structural support to organisms
A fatty acid has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Is it saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen throughout your body?
Hemoglobin
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogenous base
Glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula but different structures. What is this called?
Isomers