Nursing Process & Rights
What is the first phase of the nursing process before any medication intervention?
What is Assessment
What does ADME stand for?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
In what units should pediatric medication weight-based dosing be calculated?
Which ethical principle means a patient's right to self-determination, including refusal?
Autonomy
How should a dose of one-quarter milligram be written safely?
0.25 mg
Name any 4 of the 10 Rights of medication administration.
RIGHT: Drug , Dose , Time , Route , Patient , Documentation , Reason , Response , Refusal , Education
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of what a drug does to the body.
What two immature systems affect infant drug metabolism and excretion?
The liver (immature P-450 enzymes) and kidneys (decreased GFR).
What state legislation defines nursing scope, education requirements, and standards of care?
Nurse Practice Acts.
What is the danger of writing 1.0 mg instead of 1 mg?
The trailing zero may be misread as 10 mg.
Which nursing-process phase establishes measurable goals and timeframes?
What is Planning?
Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism in the guide?
The liver, primarily via cytochrome P-450 microsomal enzymes.
About how many half-lives are needed to eliminate most of a drug or reach steady state?
Approximately five half-lives.
Name the four elements required to prove nursing malpractice.
Duty, breach of duty, causation, and damage.
Name two high-alert medication groups listed in the guide.
Any two: CNS drugs, anticoagulants, chemotherapeutics, insulin.
Which phase includes medication teaching and carrying out nursing interventions?
What is Implementation?
What is the first-pass effect?
Metabolism of an oral drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.
When is the fetus at highest risk for drug-induced developmental defects?
During the first trimester.
Which FDA clinical trial phase tests efficacy in a small patient group?
Phase 2
What are the three steps of medication reconciliation?
Verification, clarification, reconciliation.
A patient requests pain medication. What should the nurse assess first?
Assess the patient's pain level and site?
Define additive, synergistic, and antagonistic drug interactions.
Additive: 1+1=2; synergistic: 1+1>2; antagonistic: 1+1<2.
An infant weighs 18.5 lb. Using 2.2 lb/kg, about how many kg is that?
8.4 kg.
What should a nurse assess as part of a cultural medication assessment?
Language/interpreter needs, diet, religious practices, and folk/herbal remedies.
A nurse realizes a double dose of an antihypertensive medication was given after a tablet was not split. What should the nurse do first?
Assess the patient's current blood pressure and notify the prescriber.