SECTION 1
invaders who swept across the Isthmus of Suez in chariots
Hyksos
around 850 B.C. acquired a large empire by means of a highly advanced military organization and state-of-the-art weaponry; greatest power in Southwest Asia for the time of the campaign of conquest
Assyria
Cambyses’s successor; noble of the ruling dynasty; began his career as a member of the king’s bodyguard
Darius
Hanfeizi and Li Si were among the founders; taught that a ruler should provide rich rewards for people who carried out their duties well; disobedient should be harshly punished
Legalism
two powers that together represented the natural rhythms of life
Yin and Yang
Egypt’s 3rd period of glory; it was wealthier and more powerful than ever before
Egypt’s 3rd period of glory; it was wealthier and more powerful than ever before
Assyrian king who bragged that he destroyed 89 cities and 820 villages, burned Babylon, and ordered most of its inhabitants killed
Sennacherib
governor installed by Darius who ruled locally
Satrap
a trained civil service or those who run the government
Bureaucracy
famous road that ran from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia; distance of 1,677 miles
Royal Road
declared herself pharaoh around 1472 B.C.
Hatshepsut
Assyria’s capital along the Tigris River; largest city of its day; 3 miles long and a mile wide; established by King Sennacherib
Nineveh
Cyrus’s son who expanded the Persian Empire by conquering Egypt; ordered the images of Egyptian gods to be burned
Cambyses
the philosophy of Laozi; its search for knowledge and understanding led the followers to pursue scientific studies
Daoism
replaced the Zhou Dynasty; the ruler who founded this dynasty employed Legalist ideas to subdue the warring states and unify his country
Qin Dynasty
Hatshepsut’s stepson; warlike ruler; may even have murdered Hatshepsut
Thutmose III
Assyrian king who collected more than 20,000 clay tablets from throughout the Fertile Crescent
Ashurbanipal
a Persian prophet who lived around 600 B.C.; offered an answer as to “Why should so much suffering and chaos exist in the world?”
Zoroaster
Confucius stressed that children should practice this or respect for their parents and ancestors; according to Confucius, this meant devoting oneself to one's parents during their lifetimes; required honoring their memories after death through the performance of certain rituals
Filial Piety
in 612 B.C. this army combined with the Chaldeans and others burned and level Nineveh
Medes
Kushite king who overthrew the Libyan dynasty that had ruled Egypt for over 200 years; united the entire Nile Valley from the delta in the north to Napata in the south
Piankhi
Chaldean King who restored Nineveh
Nebuchadnezzar
in 550 B.C. this Persian king began to conquer several neighboring kingdoms; military genius
Cyrus
China’s most influential scholar; born in 551 B.C.; lived in a time where the Zhou dynasty was in decline; he led a scholarly life, studying and teaching history, music, and moral character
Confucius
lay closer to the Red Sea than Napata did and so became active in the flourishing trade among Africa, Arabia, and India
Meroe