Classical Conditioning
This Russian physiologist is famous for conditioning dogs to salivate to a sound.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Adding a desirable consequence to increase a behavior.
What is positive reinforcement?
Thorndike studied problem solving using this animal in puzzle boxes.
What are cats?
Information in this part of the memory system is lost within a moment if it is not attended to.
What is the sensory register?
Focused on one thing, you fail to notice the people and things around you. This is the name of the phenomenon.
What is inattentional blindness?
In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was this type of stimulus.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, such as excusing students from homework for high quiz scores.
What is negative reinforcement?
Thorndike’s principle that responses followed by satisfying consequences are strengthened.
What is the Law of Effect?
This component, where active thinking occurs, has limited capacity and limited duration.
What is working memory?
Of all the things you can do for memory, this is the one you must do to consolidate it.
What is sleep?
A student feels anxious at the sight of a red pen after repeatedly getting low grades in red ink. The anxiety is this.
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
Assigning an extra worksheet to decrease talking in class is this type of consequence.
What is positive (presentation) punishment?
Reinforcing eye contact, then a whisper, then a full-voice answer is an example of this technique.
What is shaping?
Remembering your first day of kindergarten is this type of long-term memory.
What is episodic memory?
Remembering 555-867-5309 as three groups of digits is an example of this strategy.
What is chunking?
After being bitten by one dog, a child fears all dogs. This process explains it.
What is stimulus generalization?
Pop quizzes at unpredictable times, leading students to study a little every night, resemble this schedule.
What is a variable-interval schedule?
This process aims to discover the purpose, or the “why,” behind a student’s problem behavior
What is a functional behavioral analysis (assessment)?
Solving long-division problems automatically without recalling each step is an example of this type of knowledge.
What is procedural knowledge (memory)?
Imagining items placed in the rooms of your home, then mentally walking through to recall them in order.
What is the method of loci?
After summer break, a student’s faded test anxiety suddenly returns on the first day of school. This term describes the reappearance.
What is spontaneous recovery?
This schedule, in which reinforcement follows an unpredictable number of responses, produces high, steady rates of behavior and strong resistance to extinction.
What is a variable-ratio schedule?
“Finish your math worksheet, then you can play the computer game” illustrates this principle, in which a preferred activity reinforces a less preferred one.
What is the Premack principle?
A child knows that a restaurant visit involves being seated, ordering, eating, and paying. This organized knowledge of an event sequence is called this.
What is a script?
Noticing that your notes never stick and switching to outlining uses this skill.
What is meta-cognition?