The Gracchi
While traveling through northern Italy, Tiberius noticed these people working the fields instead of Roman farmers.
Who were foreign slaves?
This small group of wealthy elites used land, patronage, and intimidation to dominate Roman government.
Who were the nobiles?
Marius was elected consul in 107 BC to defeat this enemy.
Who was Jugurtha?
Both Pompey and Crassus originally fought for this Roman leader.
Who was Sulla?
Caesar was elected to this office in 59 BC.
What is consul?
Tiberius proposed taking public land and doing this with it.
What is redistributing the land?
These nobiles generally wanted to preserve the Senate's power and their oligarchical privileges.
Who were the optimates?
Marius changed this requirement so that men no longer needed to own land in order to serve.
What is the land/property requirement for military service?
Crassus gained military fame by defeating this major revolt.
What was the slave revolt?
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed this informal political alliance.
What was the First Triumvirate?
Tiberius wanted to restrict the amount of public land held by wealthy Romans to roughly this many acres.
What is 300 acres?
These ambitious aristocrats used the people's assemblies, especially the Council of the Plebs, to challenge the optimates.
Who were the populares?
Under Marius's military reforms, soldiers increasingly swore loyalty to this person rather than to the Roman state.
Who was their general?
Pompey and Crassus were both elected to this office in 70 BC.
What is consul?
Caesar's military success in this region gave him tremendous prestige and reminded Pompey and Crassus of the importance of military commands.
What is Gaul?
This fellow tribune opposed Tiberius's land proposal and was later voted out of office.
Who was Marcus Octavius?
These former Roman cavalrymen became wealthy through government contracts involving taxes, armies, fleets, and public works.
Who were the equites?
In 88 BC, the Senate originally gave Sulla command against this ruler.
Who was Mithridates?
In 67 BC, Pompey received extraordinary power to clear these threats from the Mediterranean Sea.
Who were the pirates?
In 49 BC, Caesar crossed this river rather than return to Rome as a private citizen.
What is the Rubicon?
When the Senate refused to provide much money for Tiberius's land program, the death of the king of this kingdom unexpectedly provided a possible source of funding.
What was Pergamum?
After the Social War, citizenship expanded throughout Italy. This political faction benefited from the large influx of new voters.
Who were the populares?
After the Council of the Plebs transferred Sulla's command to Marius, Sulla did something unprecedented that demonstrated how Roman armies could be used politically.
What is marching his army on Rome?
When Pompey returned from his successful campaigns in the East, he expected the Senate to provide this reward for his soldiers, but the Senate refused.
What is land?
In February 44 BC, Caesar received this title, only about one month before his assassination.
What is Dictator for Life?