The Infection Cycle & Microbes
This group of organisms is considered the most significant and commonly found infection-causing agent in healthcare institutions
What are bacteria?
A patient is most contagious and infectious during this specific stage of infection, presenting with vague and nonspecific signs
What is the prodromal stage?
According to fundamental nursing guidelines, this phrase serves as the core nursing definition of pain
What is "whatever the patient says it is, whenever the patient says it is"?
This pain assessment rating scale features illustrations of expressions and is recommended for children and adults with cognitive or language barriers
What is the Wong–Baker FACES scale?
Acetaminophen and NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen and naproxen) belong to this drug class and serve as first-line therapy for mild to moderate pain
What are nonopioid analgesics?
Spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), and corkscrew-shaped (spirochetes) are classifications of bacteria according to this characteristic
Healthcare providers break the chain of infection most effectively at any link through this fundamental practice
What is hand hygiene?
The overall pain process progresses in these four distinct, sequential phases
This pain instrument is designated specifically for neonates and infants ages 0 to 6 months
What is the CRIES instrument?
On the Numeric Sedation Scale, a patient who is frequently drowsy and drifts off to sleep during conversation receives this score and requires a dosage reduction
What is a score of 3?
In the chain of infection, this link represents the natural habitat of the organism where it lives and multiplies
What is the reservoir?
Standard precautions apply to blood, nonintact skin, mucous membranes, and all bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions except for this one
What is sweat?
Pain originating in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels, and nerves (such as bone cancer pain) is classified as this specific location-based type
What is deep somatic pain?
This specific pain assessment tool is validated for use with patients diagnosed with advanced dementia
What is the PAINAD scale?
Anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics are categorized as this type of medication, typically used to treat neuropathic pain or enhance analgesia
What are adjuvant analgesics?
These infectious agents are identified as the smallest of all microorganisms and do not respond to antibiotics
What are viruses?
In addition to standard precautions, CDC guidelines mandate these three types of transmission-based precautions, used alone or in combination
What are airborne, droplet, and contact precautions?
While nociceptive pain stems from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue, this type arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual tissue damage
What is nociplastic pain?
The acronym for the behavioral scale used for infants and children aged 2 months to 7 years stands for these five behavioral categories
What are Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC)?
A patient who receives a score of 4 on the Numeric Sedation Scale (somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli) requires immediate opioid discontinuation and consideration of this reversal agent
What is naloxone?
Organisms exit a reservoir and travel to a new host through these three primary means of transmission
What are direct contact, indirect contact, and the airborne route?
The World Health Organization (WHO) outlines the "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene," including two before moments and these three after moments
What are after a body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings?
During the transmission phase of the pain process, pain stimuli are conducted along pathways by these two specific nerve fiber types
What are A-delta and C-delta fibers?
Severe pain that is resistant to therapeutic interventions and persists despite multiple treatment modalities is designated by this clinical term
What is intractable pain?
On the Numeric Sedation Scale, these two ratings indicate that the patient is either sleeping but easily aroused or awake and alert, requiring no nursing action
What are scores 'S' and '1'?