Medieval Milestones
was caused by infected rats carried along trade routes from Asia to Europe.
Black Plague
Who was the highest ranking clergyman
Pope
Social and economic system based on land ownership and loyalty
Feudalism
This caused declines in city populations and workers and the manor system to fall apart.
Black Plague
Expulsion from the church
excommunication
This important city was located at a crossroads for trade between Asia and Europe.
Constantinople
Church texts were written in this language
Latin
Provided food and services to the lord.
Peasants (serfs)
served as major defense mechanisms and as a way for nobles to administer power over the people
castles
These weapons attacking armies break through castle defenses by launching heavy projectiles at walls and fortifications.
trebuchets and catapults
Limited the power of the king by ensuring that rulers must follow the law and respect the rights of the people
Magna Carta
A court set up to prosecute heretics in an attempt to outlaw heresy
Inquisition
Given a portion of land by the lords in exchange for protecting the manor
Knights
lords provided land and protection, while peasants worked it in exchange for housing and security.
manor system
Writing that was in the language of the local residents
Vernacular
England and France competed for control of land in France and the French throne
100 Years War
A denial of the Church's teachings and considered one of the serious crimes of the Medieval time period.
Heresy
Given land by the King for their loyalty and protection.
Lords (nobles)
They advocated for workers, taught people new skills, and fought for fair wages.
guilds
These innovations improved agricultural efficiency, leading to increased food production and population growth
three-field system and plow
Briefly reunited Western Europe into an empire and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne
Church rituals like baptism, marriage, confirmation, and the Eucharist
Sacraments
were bound to the lord and the land upon which they worked.
peasants
Increased trade throughout Europe, weakening of the Church, and loss of trust between Christians and Muslim societies
Crusades
The primary goal was to "recapture" Jerusalem from Muslims in the name of Christianity.
The Crusades