Body In Motion
Q: What term describes a body part closer to the head?
A: Superior
Q: What type of joint is most common in sport?
Synovial
Name 1 function of muscles.
A: Movement/support/heat
Q: What does RAMP stand for?
A: Raise, Activate, Mobilise, Prepare
Q: Name one legal method to enhance musculoskeletal system
A: Protein/creatine/ weight training
Q: Name 2 functions of the skeleton.
Structure
Blood production
Movement
Protection
What joint allows flexion and extension?
Hinge
Q: What is the difference between origin and insertion?
A: Origin fixed, insertion moves
Q: What type of injury develops over time?
A: Chronic
Q: Name one illegal method.
A: Steroids/HGH
Q: What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton?
A: Axial = central, Appendicular = limbs
Give a sporting example of a ball-and-socket joint.
Shoulder throwing
Describe reciprocal inhibition using an sporting example or exercise example ?
During a bicep curl:
Reciprocal inhibition occurs when the agonist muscle contracts while the antagonist relaxes, such as the biceps contracting and the triceps relaxing during elbow flexion in a bicep curl.
Q: What is DOMS?
A: Delayed onset muscle soreness
Q: Give two risk of steroids.
A: e.g., heart issues, aggression,
Q: Explain how the skeleton helps movement AND protection, using examples.
A: Movement via muscle attachment (Ligaments and tendons) pulling on bones to create movement + protection of organs (e.g., skull protects brain)
Explain the difference between flexion and extension with a sporting example.
A: Flexion = bending (e.g., elbow in bicep curl), Extension =lengthening and lowering on the down phase of the bicep curl
Explain the difference between fast and slow twitch fibres and give a sporting example for each.
A: Fast = explosive (sprinting), Slow = endurance (marathon)
Fast- fatigue quickly, white, larger
Slow, fatigue resistant, smaller, red
Q: Explain how a cool-down helps reduce DOMS.
A: Gradual recovery, improves blood flow, removes waste products from the muscles. Reduces the imapct of DOMS
Q: Explain the benefits AND risks of creatine use in sport.
A: Benefit = increased power; Risk = dehydration, cramps
Analyse the joint actions occurring at two different joints during a sporting movement. In your response, identify the joints, the movements performed, and link each to the phase of the movement.
During a soccer kick, the knee joint performs flexion in the backswing phase and extension during the forward swing to strike the ball. At the same time, the hip joint performs flexion to drive the leg forward toward the ball.
Identify and describe 3 different synovial joints AND provide a sporting example for each.
A: e.g., hinge (knee – running), ball & socket (shoulder – throwing), pivot (neck – turning head)
Explain the all-or-nothing principle and analyse how it influences force production in muscles during a sporting movement. In your response, include the role of motor units and provide a specific sporting example.
The all-or-nothing principle states that a motor unit contracts fully or not at all when stimulated. Force production is increased by recruiting more motor units rather than increasing the strength of individual contractions. According to the size principle, smaller motor units are recruited first, followed by larger ones as greater force is required. For example, in a vertical jump, many large motor units are recruited to generate high force for explosive movement.
Describe a 3rd class lever system in the body, including Axis, Force and Resistance, with a sporting example.
A: Axis = joint, Force = muscle, Resistance = load (e.g., bicep curl)
Describe a 3rd class lever system in the body, including Axis, Force and Resistance, with a sporting example.
Q: Explain why WADA bans substances, using ALL 3 criteria.
A: Improves performance, harms health, against spirit of sport