Money and Motives
This business form pooled resources from many small investors to finance risky colonizing ventures
What is a joint-stock company?
Site of England's first attempt at colonization — and its most famous disappearance
What is Roanoke Island?
The pelts that drove French traders deep into the North American interior
What are beaver pelts?
English workers who traded several years of labor for passage to America
Who are indentured servants?
Main purpose of the Proclamation of 1763.
What is to settle the Native American problem fairly and prevent another uprising like Pontiac's?
The enclosure of English farmland for sheep grazing displaced these people, who became the earliest wave of emigrants.
Who are small farmers/tenant farmers?
Founded in 1607, this settlement proved vital to the future of the English colonies
What is Jamestown?
Region where Natives and Europeans were most likely to build a "middle ground" of mutual accommodation
What are the inland areas around the Great Lakes?
System granting 50 acres to whoever paid a laborer's passage across the Atlantic
What is the headright system?
Prime minister who launched coercive colonial policy starting in 1763.
Who is George Grenville?
This inheritance law gave landed estates only to eldest sons, pushing ambitious younger sons overseas
What is primogeniture?
The years 1609–1610, when only 60 of 400 Virginia settlers survived
What is the "starving time"?
France wanted the Louisiana interior basin mainly to block this rival in the Gulf of Mexico.
Who is Spain?
After 1680, planters shifted decisively to this labor source.
What is enslaved African labor?
1766 law asserting Parliament's absolute power over the colonies.
What is the Declaratory Act?
England's first permanent American colony was financed not by the crown, but by this private entity
What is the Virginia Company of London?
Three words that characterize Jamestown's early years.
What are disease, malnutrition, and starvation?
The paramount chief whose confederacy surrounded early Jamestown
Who is Powhatan (Wahunsonacock)?
Why slavery never took a large hold in New England as it did in the South
What is that smaller farms made it far less profitable than plantation agriculture?
1781 siege after which essentially only George III wanted to fight on.
What is Yorktown?
These English sea dogs plundered Spanish treasure fleets with Elizabeth I's quiet blessing.
Who are privateers (or "buccaneers")?
By 1669, this once-powerful Virginia people had been reduced to near extinction
Who are the Powhatan?
Confederacy that stayed powerful through much of the 1700s thanks to location and military strength
Who are the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)?
These 1662 Virginia laws created a legal distinction between servants and enslaved people based on race
What are the slave codes?
Battle called one of the most decisive in both American and world history.
What is Saratoga?