Slavery, Resistance, and the Constitution
How did the invention of the cotton gin contribute to the expansion of slavery in the United States?
What is it increased the profitability of cotton production and expanded the demand for enslaved labor in the South?
What was the main purpose of the 13th Amendment?
What is it abolished slavery in the United States except as punishment for a crime?
What was the Great Migration?
What is the movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities during the 20th century?
What was the main goal of the New Deal?
What is it attempted to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression?
What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What is it outlawed discriminatory voting practices that prevented African Americans from voting?
Explain one major difference between the views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois on Black advancement after Reconstruction.
What is Washington emphasized vocational education and gradual progress, while Du Bois demanded immediate civil rights and higher education opportunities?
How did Black Codes attempt to limit the freedom of formerly enslaved people after the Civil War?
What is they restricted movement, labor rights, voting rights, and economic independence for African Americans?
Explain one major effect of the Harlem Renaissance on American culture.
What is it expanded Black artistic expression and influenced American literature, music, and culture?
How did African Americans benefit from New Deal programs during the Great Depression?
What is some African Americans gained jobs and economic assistance through federal relief programs?
Explain one major cause of mass incarceration in the late 20th century.
What is policies connected to the War on Drugs and mandatory minimum sentencing increased incarceration rates?
How did the Three-Fifths Compromise reflect tensions over slavery at the Constitutional Convention?
What is it counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes while denying them rights and freedom?
Explain one reason Reconstruction ended in 1877.
What is the Compromise of 1877 led to the removal of federal troops from the South and weakened federal enforcement of Black rights?
How did World War I create new opportunities for African Americans in northern cities?
What is wartime industrial jobs increased employment opportunities and encouraged migration to northern cities?
Explain one major argument used by opponents of the Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s or 1960s.
What is opponents argued that segregation should remain because of states’ rights, tradition, or social order?
How did the Black Power Movement differ from earlier Civil Rights strategies?
What is it emphasized Black pride, self-determination, community control, and sometimes self-defense rather than integration alone?
Identify one way enslaved Africans resisted slavery during the colonial or antebellum period.
What is enslaved people resisted through rebellions, running away, work slowdowns, sabotage, and preserving African cultural traditions?
How did the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson shape race relations in the United States?
What is it legalized segregation through the doctrine of “separate but equal”?
Identify one way Black music influenced broader American culture during the 20th century.
What is jazz, blues, hip-hop, and other Black musical forms shaped mainstream American music and culture?
How did the Cold War affect the Civil Rights Movement in the United States?
What is U.S. leaders feared racism harmed America’s image abroad during the Cold War?
Explain one way historians have interpreted the legacy of Reconstruction differently over time.
What is some historians viewed Reconstruction as a failure while others view it as an important attempt at interracial democracy?
Explain how the Haitian Revolution influenced enslaved people and white slaveholders in the United States.
What is it inspired enslaved Africans with the possibility of freedom while increasing fear among white slaveholders of revolts?
Explain one way the modern Civil Rights Movement challenged segregation between 1954 and 1968.
What is activists used boycotts, marches, sit-ins, court cases, and civil disobedience to challenge segregation?
Explain how the experiences of African Americans during the Great Migration reflected both opportunity and discrimination.
What is African Americans gained industrial jobs and political opportunities but still faced racism, housing discrimination, and segregation?
Compare the approaches of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X toward achieving Black freedom.
What is King emphasized nonviolent integration while Malcolm X emphasized Black nationalism, self-defense, and self-determination?
Using historical evidence, explain whether the federal government has done more to expand or restrict African American rights from 1865 to the present.
What is responses may argue the government expanded rights through amendments and civil rights laws or restricted rights through segregation, policing, and discriminatory policies?