Vocabulary
A political theory claiming that a monarch's authority comes directly from God, meaning the ruler is meant to be the ruler because God said so
What is the Divine Right of Kings
The Ottomans captured this city in 1453, effectively ending the Eastern Roman Empire's control over key trading routes.
What is Constantinople?
King Louis XIV of France legitimized his power by moving the French capital and constructing an elaborate palace in which location?
What is Versailles?
This was the official state religion of the Safavid Empire.
What is Shia / Shi'ite Islam?
This Ottoman elite infantry force was originally recruited through the devshirme system and became an important part of the empire’s military and government.
What are the Janissaries?
A practice where the Ottoman Empire forcibly took Christian boys from southeastern Europe, converted them to Islam, and trained them for military or bureaucratic service (like the Janissaries).
What was the Ottoman devshirme system?
The Russian Empire relied on these forward settlers and mercenaries to expand the borders.
What are the Cossacks?
This Ottoman ruler legitimized his rule by building hospitals, bridges, mosques, and sponsoring the arts, leading to a "Golden Age of Islam."
Who is Suleiman the Great?
This Mughal emperor is known for promoting religious tolerance and even creating a syncretic religion called Din-i Ilahi to unify his empire.
Who is Akbar the Great?
This system allowed the Ottoman Empire to govern religious minorities by giving them a degree of religious and legal autonomy.
What is the millet system?
An elite infantry force made up of enslaved, converted young men who served as the personal loyal bodyguard and military guard for the Sultan.
What are Janissaries?
The Ottomans used this system to convert Christian boys into elite warriors known as janissaries.
What is the devshirme system?
This administrative method in the Ottoman Empire involved wealthy individuals purchasing the right to collect taxes on behalf of the state, often leading to corruption and over-taxation.
What is tax-farming?
These are two results of the Counter-Reformation.
What is (1) end of indulgences; (2) creation of the Jesuits?
The Mughal emperor Akbar strengthened his empire by using this policy toward non-Muslim subjects, including removing a tax imposed specifically on non-Muslims.
What is religious tolerance?
A system where the government auctioned off the right to collect local taxes to private individuals, who then squeezed maximum profit from the populace.
What is tax farming?
This Safavid Shah, known for modernizing the Persian military and expanding the empire, established Shia Islam as the state religion.
Who is Shah Abbas I?
The Ming Dynasty used this sytem to manage relationships with foreign states, requiring contributions in exchange for trading privileges.
What is a tribute system?
This Sufi-inspired religion, founded by Guru Nanak in the Mughal Empire, blended elements of Hinduism and Islam.
What is Sikhism?
This Ottoman practice involved recruiting Christian boys from conquered territories, converting them to Islam, and training them for military or government service.
What is devshirme?
Tax collectors who kept a portion of the taxes they gathered from peasants that were hired by the government
Who were the zamindars in the Mughal Empire?
This famous battle in 1514 marked a decisive defeat for the Safavid Empire by the Ottoman forces, establishing Sunni dominance over the Shia Safavids.
What is the the Battle of Chaldiran?
These are two specific examples of Peter the Great's reforms in Russia.
What is (expanded bureaucracy, created navy, Westernized clothes, beard tax, made senate, St. Petersburg, etc.)
This series of religious conflicts in the Holy Roman Empire between Catholic and Protestant states lasted from 1618 to 1648, devastating much of Central Europe.
What is the Thirty Years' War?
The Ottoman use of the devshirme system and the Mughal use of centralized bureaucracy demonstrate this broader strategy used by early modern empires to strengthen imperial control.
What is incorporating conquered peoples into the imperial administration and military?