Genes
DNA 1
Chromosomes
DNA 2
Misc.
100
Genes code for specifically structured:
A. acids
B. lipids
C. sugars
D. proteins
Proteins
100
What is the complementary base to cytosine in DNA?
A
uracil
B
thymine
C
guanine
D
adenine
Guanine
100
How does the presence of tRNA in ribosomes allow ribosomes to manufacture proteins?
A
It allows sequencing of amino acids based on an mRNA template.
B
It allows for random distribution of amino acids.
C
It stores chemical energy required for manufacturing proteins.
D
It stores information about proteins already manufactured.
It allows sequencing of amino acids based on an mRNA template
100
Transcription of the sequence TTAAG produces which sequence?
A
TTAAG
B
UUAAG
C
AAUUC
D
AATTC
AAUUC
100
What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule?
A. triglyceride
B. dipeptide
C. nucleotide
D. phospholipid
nucleotide
200
Based on Chargaff’s rule for base pairing, if a DNA molecule contains 30.9% adenine, what is the MOST likely percentage of thymine?
A
19.8%
B
22.2%
C
29.8%
D
17.1%
29.8%
200
Which statement BEST describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?
A
identical bases in the same order
B
complementary bases in the same order
C
identical bases in the reverse order
D
complementary bases in the reverse order
complementary bases in the same order
200
An RNA sequence includes 15 codons. How many amino acids does this sequence encode?
A
3
B
5
C
15
D
45
15
200
Two segments of DNA have the exact same number of each nucleotide. Do they necessarily code for the same protein?
A
Yes, hereditary information is passed though the number of cytosine nucleotides in a gene.
B
Yes, hereditary information is passed through the percentage of each nucleotide in a gene.
C
No, hereditary information is passed through the order of the nucleotides in a gene.
D
No, hereditary information has no relationship to the nucleotides in a gene.
No, hereditary information is passed through the order of the nucleotides in a gene.
200
What characteristic of double-stranded DNA determines the ability of one strand to make an exact copy of the other strand?
A
complementary pairing of bases
B
hydrogen bonding between strands
C
ability of bases to be connected in any order
D
location of the base pairs in the center of helix
complementary pairing of bases
300
This gene segment codes for a peptide in humans.
GCTGTGTGAGGCAGA
What is the expected mRNA sequence when the gene segment is transcribed in transgenic mice?
A
GCTGTGAGGCAGAAC
B
CGACACUCCGUCUUG
C
CGACACACUCCGUCU
D
GCUGUGAGGCAGAAC
C
300
Dr. Tanaka discovered a new virus. The virus has a single strand of a nucleic acid, but she does not know if it is DNA or RNA. After running tests, she concludes that it is DNA. Which of the following would lead her to that conclusion?
A. It contains uracil.
B. It contains adenine.
C. It contains thymine.
D. It contains cytosine.
It contains thymine
300
Which of the following would MOST likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?
A. The deletion of DNA during translation.
B. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.
C. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.
D. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
D. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
300
In a double-stranded section of DNA, what prevents adenine from pairing with cytosine or guanine?
A
Cytosine and guanine can only form covalent bonds with adenine.
B
Adenine requires a complement that can form two hydrogen bonds.
C
Cytosine and guanine each form single hydrogen bonds with adenine.
D
Adenine forms too many hydrogen bonds when paired with those bases.
Adenine requires a complement that can form two hydrogen bonds.
300
A table of the universal genetic codes for amino acids is shown below.
Based on the table, all of the following combinations of nucleotides will produce the tripeptide Ile-Thr-Met-Arg EXCEPT
A
AUU – ACC – AUG – CGU.
B
AUC – ACG – AUG – CGC.
C
AUU – ACA – AUG – CGG.
D
AUA – ACU – UAG – CGA.
D
400
Which of the following BEST explains why different proteins contain a different number and a different sequence of amino acids?
A
Proteins are produced by different ribosomes.
B
Proteins are coded by genes with different nucleotide sequences.
C
Proteins are different because each codon codes for more than one amino acid.
D
Proteins combine in different ways based on the cellular need.
Proteins are coded by genes with different nucleotide sequences.
400
Refer to the diagram of the chromosome to answer the question that follows.
What type of mutation is shown above?
A. Deletion
B. Inversion
C. Replication
D. Translocation
Inversion
400
Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that stimulate cellular growth and division. What happens when these genes fail to regulate the amount of protein produced?
A. Cells stop growing and enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle.
B. Cells continue to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner.
C. Neighboring cells send out chemical signals that start apoptosis.
D. Neighboring cells respond to the proteins and begin uncontrolled growth.
B. Cells continue to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner.
400
What always happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA are rearranged?
A
The information on the strand changes.
B
The mass of the strand changes.
C
The organism dies.
D
The organism thrives.
The information on the strand changes.
400
Which activity is an important function of nucleases?
A. repairing the double strand of DNA
B. concentrating RNA into a nucleolus
C. maintaining homeostasis of nucleoplasm
D. dissolving the nuclear membrane during mitosis
repairing the double strand of DNA
500
Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?
A
DNA
B
mRNA
C
tRNA
D
rRNA
DNA
500
Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
A
DNA to protein to RNA
B
RNA to DNA to protein
C
protein to DNA to RNA
D
DNA to RNA to protein
DNA to RNA to protein
500
Which statement BEST explains how RNA polymerase knows where to start and stop making an RNA copy of DNA?
A
The enzyme only binds to regions of DNA known as promoters, which have specific base sequences.
B
The enzyme binds to a sequence of nucleotides called introns that are cut out before they become functional.
C
The enzyme splices exons together before transcription begins to form the final mRNA molecule.
D
The enzyme proofreads each DNA strand to help ensure each molecule is copied exactly in the order of the original strand.
The enzyme only binds to regions of DNA known as promoters, which have specific base sequences.
500
Several enzymes work together to repair defects in DNA caused by replication errors or environmental damage. One enzyme cuts out the damaged nucleotide section and other enzymes replace the damaged section with the correct sequence. What would MOST likely happen if a genetic defect prevented the cell from producing one or more of these enzymes?
A. Replication would stop until more enzyme was produced.
B. Potentially hazardous mutations would accumulate in the cell.
C. Apoptosis would prevent the cell from transmitting damaged DNA.
D. Those sections would be ignored during transcription and translation.
Potentially hazardous mutations would accumulate in the cell.
500
How many sugar-phosphate strands exist in each RNA molecule?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
1