Articles of the Constitution
This article creates Congress and gives it lawmaking powers.
What is Article I?
This clause allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
This case established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
A law limits peaceful protest—this amendment is most directly involved.
What is the First Amendment?
This clause requires states to return fugitives who flee to another state.
What is the Extradition Clause?
This article establishes the presidency and executive powers.
What is Article II?
This principle limits the power of the majority by protecting individual rights from government action.
What is constitutionalism?
This case expanded federal power using implied powers.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
Police search without a warrant or probable cause—this right is violated.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This clause requires states to recognize legal decisions made by other states.
What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
This article creates the federal court system.
What is Article III?
This clause lets Congress regulate trade between states.
What is the Commerce Clause?
This case protected student free speech in schools.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
A state law conflicts with a federal law; this clause decides the outcome.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
This clause protects citizens from discrimination when visiting other states.
What is the Privileges and Immunities Clause?
This article explains how the Constitution can be formally changed.
What is Article V?
This principle divides power between state and national governments.
What is federalism?
This case required police to inform suspects of their rights.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
The government must prove a law serves a compelling interest—this standard applies.
What is strict scrutiny?
This clause allows the federal government to guarantee a republican form of government in each state.
What is the Guarantee Clause?
This article outlines relationships between states, including extradition.
What is Article IV?
This principle allows each branch to limit the others.
What is checks and balances?
This case incorporated the Second Amendment to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
Rights are applied to the states through this process.
What is selective incorporation?
This clause prevents laws that retroactively punish actions or target specific individuals without trial.
What is the Ex Post Facto Clause and Bill of Attainder Clause?