Nervous system
Graded potential are ____ gated or ____gated. While Action potentials are ____gated.
Ligand or mechanically; electrically
The IVF is block. What area will develop a build up of CSF?
Lateral ventricles
This intrafusal motor fiber stimulates the skeletal muscle within a muscle spindle.
Gamma motor fibers
The gracile fasiculus will decussate at what structure in the medulla oblongata?
medial leminscus
Why do parasympathetic fibers send more specific messages then sympathetic fibers? Why do parasympathetic fiber send messages faster than sympathetic?
They have short postganglionic fibers that are much closer to the organs they are stimulating. They have longer preganglionic fibers that are myelinated
A patient has been accidently injected with curare (blocks Ach receptors on skeletal muscles) Why can the patient still move their eyes?
The eyes contain electrical synapses
A patient (age 65) has been placed in the emergency room for becoming unconscious. After taking images of her head, you see that her lateral ventricles a swollen and full of CSF. What would you diagnosis?
Compensated hydrocephalus
During the patellar reflex which muscle is the synergist, antagonist, flexor and extensor?
Synergist and extensor are the Quad
Antagonist and flexor are the hamstring
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is associated with long term memory?
Mamillary nucleus
You are resting and watching a movie. What neurotransmitter will be stimulating the cardiac muscle to relax? What receptor is this neurotransmitter binding to?
Acetylcholine, Muscarnic
Our body is currently releasing Ach to cause an inhibitory response. What channel will Ach bind to? What ion channel will open?
Metabotropic; K+
This form of Spina bifida is characterized when the meninges of the spinal cord protrude out of the skill and are only filled with CSF.
Meningocele spina bifida
A patients reticular formation is not perceiving pain as it should be. What spinal tract might be damaged?
Spinorecticular
What are the functions of the reticular formation?
Somatic motor control, habituation, sleep and consciousness monitoring and pain regulation
Your are undergoing intense exercise. What neurotransmitter will be interacting with the bronchioles of your lungs? What will it cause? And what receptor is it binding to?
Norepinephrine, Dilates the bronchioles, beta adrengeric
What second messengers will be used to help humans perceive taste?
cAMP, IP3 and DAG
After taking a spinal tap of a patient you notice their is excess amounts of glucose in their CSF. What cells are malfunctioning?
Empydemal cells
You are currently on a boat that is rocking back and fourth. All of the sudden you lose your balance but in a split second you catch your step so you don't fall over. What spinal tract is working in this moment?
Vestibulospinal tracts
A patient has been struck in the head. They can see just fine but when you move a pencil in front of their face their eyes cannot follow the pencil properly. What structure is most likely damaged?
Superior coniculus
During intense exercise, what signals will be sent to the blood vessels (sympathetic or parasympathetic)? How will the blood vessels near the brain respond? How will blood vessels near the digestive track respond?
Sympathetic, Dilate, Constrict
A patient is currently experiencing tetanus of their skeletal muscle. What is the most likely reason this is happening?
acetylcholinesterase is malfunctioning
If a patient has mengitis and their brain becomes infected, what structure surrounding the brain failed to do its job?
The blood brain barrier
A patient has gotten in a car accident. They are currently able to move there arms but are having trouble moving their fingers. What spinal tract might be damaged?
Corticospinal tracts
What brain waves should you be having at this very moment?
Beta waves
Why does our heart at rest beat at 70 bpm?
Autonomic tone