FR Vocabulary
This was the system in which French society was divided into three social groups before the Revolution.
Three Estates
In 1788, this type of natural disaster destroyed crops across parts of France and contributed to food shortages.
Hail storm
He was the French king when the Revolution began and was eventually executed by guillotine.
Who was Louis XVI?
The First Estate was primarily made up of these people.
The Clergy
On July 14, 1789, revolutionaries stormed this Paris prison and fortress, making it a symbol of the Revolution.
The Bastille
This term refers to a political system in which a king or queen is the head of state.
Monarchy
This volcanic eruption occurred in this country, where its effects devastated agriculture and livestock.
Iceland
This queen of France, wife of Louis XVI, became one of the most hated symbols of the monarchy.
Queen Marie Antoinette
The Second Estate was made up primarily of this social group.
The Nobility
Members of the Third Estate took this famous oath in an indoor tennis court, promising not to separate until France had a constitution.
The Tennis Court Oath
This term describes a government in which political power is held by the people or their elected representatives rather than a monarch.
Republic
This massive Icelandic volcanic eruption began in 1783 and continued for years, releasing enormous amounts of gases and contributing to unusual weather across Europe.
Laki Eruption
This aristocrat fought alongside George Washington and brought American ideals back to France.
Marquis de Lafayette
The Third Estate included the vast majority of French people, including peasants, workers and this growing urban middle class.
the bourgeoisie
This August 1789 document proclaimed ideas such as liberty, equality, and the rights of citizens.
The Declaration of The Rights of Man & of the Citizen
Society was split into three estates. The clergy and nobility enjoyed tax exemptions while the overburdened Third Estate (commoners and the rising middle class, or bourgeoisie) bore the heaviest taxes and lacked political power.
Social Inequality
These types of farmlands suffered the most damage during the hailstorm of 1788.
Orchards & Vineyards
He attempted to reform France’s tax structure and published the state budget publicly for the first time. Loved by commoners.
Jaques Necker
This pamphlet by Abbé Sieyès created the wording for this group of people, it represented them.
The Third Estate
A violent, ten-month period during the French Revolution marked by mass arrests, political purges, and thousands of public executions
The Reign of Terror
Thinkers spread ideas of individual liberty, reason, and popular sovereignty.
Enlightenment Ideas/Ideals
The summer of 1788 was followed by an extremely harsh event in 1788–89. Combined with poor harvests, it helped increase bread prices and hardship.
Freezing Winters
Known as "the Incorruptible," this revolutionary became one of the most powerful figures during the Reign of Terror.
Maximilien Robespierre
The Third Estate's decision to declare itself the National Assembly challenged this traditional political system because the Estates normally voted separately.
The Estates General
During the French Revolution, this word referred to people who supported more radical revolutionary change and eventually became associated with the political group led by Robespierre.
The Jacobins