Stress
Name a hormone
involved in stress.
Cortisol, CRH,
ACTH
Name the system associated with rest and digestion.
Parasympathetic nervous system
What molecule do your red blood cells carry the most?
O2 (Oxygen)
This fluid is found in lymphatic vessels and is derived from interstitial fluid.
Lymph
Autonomic Nervous System
True or false: glucose is released while the sympathetic nervous system is active.
True
The body regulates stress through the “HPA” axis which stands for…
Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal
While the sympathetic nervous system is active, bronchi in the lungs: (constrict/dilate)
Dilate
This process is how red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced
Erythropoiesis
These vessels bring lymph INTO a lymph node.
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Stress
Finish the sentence:
Allostatic load is the physiological burden of cumulative _____ on biological systems normally involved in adaptation to environmental challenges.
Stress
Which molecule is cortisol derived from?
Cholesterol
Name two neurotransmitters used in the sympathetic
nervous system.
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, adrenaline, acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO)
This molecule binds oxygen inside RBCs and transports it in the blood, releasing it in tissues.
Hemoglobin
This type of pathogen is made of RNA or DNA and is not a cell
Virus
Blood
Finish the sentence: Albumin proteins carry lipids in _____ interior pockets, but the exterior of the albumin is _____ to make it water soluble.
Hydrophobic; hydrophilic
Why does chronic stress lead to increased risk of Type II diabetes?
Chronic stress -> increases cortisol -> increases insulin resistance -> increases risk of Type II Diabetes
Name the neurotransmitter used in the two-neuron pathway of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Acetylcholine (Ach)
This protein is converted into fibrin to form a clot
Fibrinogen
Which type of growth describes how bacteria grow over time in an unrefrigerated sandwich?
Exponential growth
Blood clotting
Platelets form a ______ at the injury site. Then, fibrinogen is converted into ______, which forms a mesh that stabilizes the ______.
Platelet plug; fibrin; clot
Name two things that happen when cortisol is
increased? Negative or Positive feedback loop?
Negative feedback loop, reduces CRH release, shuts down stress-induced release of cortisol
Name at least 3 organs stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system
Stomach, pancreas, intestines, bladder, genitals, salivary glands
Name the three components/layers of blood, and list them in decreasing order of quantity (1→3).
1. Plasma,
2. Hematocrit
3. Buffy coat
What are the three lines of defense in the immune system?
Physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity
Immune System:
Macrophages are called _____ in the liver and _____ in the central nervous system.
Kupffer Cells; microglia