Antibiotics
The only 50s ribosome inhibitor that is [] based bacteriocidal?
What is Clindamycin
Pt develops atypical pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Which antibiotic works because it targets organisms lacking a peptidoglycan cell wall?
Azithromycin
Quaternary amine that is used in anesthesia to to displace neuromuscular blockers from nicotinic receptors by increasing acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
Used in HTN crisis treatment caused by tyramine rich food/drinks
What is Phentolamine
Pt rx Warfarin (anticoagulant) and needs NSAID for fever and muscle pain. What NOT to rx?
ALL of the cephalosporins that can treat bacterial meningitis
What is cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotetan, ceftazide and ceftazidime
Pt presents with dysuria and fever. Urine culture grows Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative, aerobic). Pt hx myasthenia gravis. Which antibiotic should be avoided despite appropriate spectrum?
Ciprofloxacin
Both a and b blocker, and safest for pregnancy
Pt hx HTN and asthma requires a beta-blocker. Which medication is most appropriate to avoid a bronchospasm
What is Atenolol
What is Samter's triad (NSAID hypersensitivity)
Unasyn = ?
What is ampicillin + sulbactam
Pt taking warfarin develops an anaerobic infection caused by Bacteroides species (Gram-negative, anaerobic). Which antibiotic is the best choice considering medication interation?
What is Meropenem
Why should direct acting cholinergic agonists be avoided in patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease
They increase gastric secretions, which can exacerbate ulcers
Pt rx phenylephrine for nasal congestion experiences a sudden decrease in heart rate. Why?
Compensatory bradycardia due to increase BP and systemic vasoconstriction
Pt increased likelihood of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Presents with local pain and inflammation that requires NSAID. What rx?
What is aspirin
The antibiotic family that penicillin's can cross-react with
What is cephalosporin
Pt with Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis has a history of immediate anaphylaxis to penicillin. Which antibiotic is the preferred alternative from these options?
What is Vancomycin
Which medication is identified as the shortest-acting indirect cholinergic agonist used primarily for the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis
What is Endrophonium
Pt hx heart failure and HTN. Which medication is best to not only maintain function but also improve disease due to antioxidant properties?
Pt taking daily baby aspirin suddenly presents with acute kdiney injury with unknown injury. Why?
Decrease prostaglandins (dilate renal artery) --> decrease renal blood flow
Tricks kidneys into thinking BP is low which activates RAAS --> HTN = more activity and more likely for injury
The combination that can be used to treat infective endocarditis
Aminoglycoside + cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Pt hx G6PD deficiency, presents with uncomplicated UTI. What antibiotic family should not be prescribed to avoid hemolytic anemia?
Antimetabolites (specifically SMX)
Which second messenger is responsible for traveling through the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum to trigger the release of intracellular calcium?
What is IP3
Pt (M) presents with urinary incontinence and pain with urination (suspect enlarged prostate). Which medication to rx that has less side effects?
What is Terazosin
Pt rx Chloramphenicol for bacterial conjuncitivitis. What should patient be cautioned to not take alongside in high doses?
What is Acetaminophen?
(extra acetaminophen undergoes CYP450 metabolism and Chloramphenicol is CYP450 inhibitor)