Malformations
Risk Factors
Clinical Consequences
Antenatal Management
Prevention
100
A myelomeningocele is the result of this
What is the failure of the fusion of the caudal portion of neural tube, meninges and neural tube exposed?
100
This is an example of an genetic risk factor
What is Trisomy 13, 18, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome
100
Polyhydramnios is associated with this type of malformation because...
which leads to increased risk of _, _, _
What is anencephaly and high level spinal lesions due to impaired fetal swallowing
which leads to increased risk of cord prolapse, placental abruption, preterm ctx
100
Components of an effective counseling session with a patient when an NTD is suspected or detected
What is outcomes, management options for the pregnancy (termination versus expectant with neonatal surgical repair versus in utero surgical repair), genetic evaluation
100
All women planning or capable of becoming pregnant should take this dose of folic acid supplementation
What is 400mcg qDaily?
200
Failure of fusion of cephalic portion of neural fold
What is Anencephaly - results in absence of all or part of brain, skull, skin
200
This is an example of an environmental risk factor
What is Maternal Hypothermia including fever and heat exposure?
200
Most patient with myelomeningocele have this dysfunction which can lead to worsening _
What is neurogenic bladder leading to chronic renal disease?
200
This is an invasive test that can help differentiate between open and closed NTD
What is amniotic fluid acetylchoinesterase?
200
All women at high risk of NTDs should take this dose of folic acid supplementation daily
What is 4mg or 4,000 mcg qDaily
300
Failure of fusion of caudal portion of neural tube, resulting in spinal cord or meninges exposed to amniotic fluid
What is Spina bifida?
300
This is an example of a medication risk factor
What is Valproic Acid?
300
A recent study confirmed that patients with motor level dysfunction at this spinal level or below have better physical function than those with higher level lesions
What is L4?
300
An associated finding of open spina bifida of the abnormal cerebellum and posterior fossa
The "banana sign"
300
This is the time period when women at low risk for NTDs should initiate and continue folic acid supplementation
What is at least 1 month prior to pregnancy and continue through the first 12w?
400
Failure of scalp and skull formation results in this
What is exencephaly?
400
This is an example of a past medical history risk factor
What is PGDM
400
At least 1/3 of individuals with NTD have a severe allergy to this and can have life threatening reactions after exposure
What is latex?
400
An associated finding of an open spina bifida on US of an abnormal skull
The "Lemon sign"
400
This is the time period when women at which high risk women for NTDs should initiate and continue folic acid supplementation
What is 3 months prior to pregnancy and continued until 12 weeks GA?
500
This results from a defect in the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae leading to abnormally formed brain tissue and extreme retroflexion of the upper spine
What is Iniencephaly?
500
This specific gene has been implicated as a potential risk factor
What is MTHFR?
DAILY DOUBLE
True or False: Routine Screening of the MTHFR gene is recommended
500
This presentation of the fetus on US is common at term with anencephaly and spina bifida
What is breech presentation?
500
These are six reasons an elevated MSAFP can be skewed
What is:
1. fetal abdominal wall defects
2. inaccurate dating
3. multiple gestation
4. fetal demise
5. fetal nephrosis
6. Placental conditions