Anatomy and Structures
This hollow, muscular sac stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body.
What is the urinary bladder?
This is the first step of urine formation, occurring under high pressure in the renal corpuscle.
What is filtration?
Known as the "water-retaining hormone," this chemical reduces urine output by signaling the kidneys to reabsorb more water.
What is ADH?
This three-letter abbreviation stands for a common bacterial infection anywhere in the urinary tract.
What is a UTI?
What is cystocele?
These two muscular tubes carry urine from the kidneys down to the bladder.
What are ureters?
This process moves vital substances and water from the nephron tubules back into the surrounding blood vessels.
What is reabsorption?
This hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, promotes the retention of sodium (Na⁺) and water in the kidneys.
What is aldosterone?
This term describes painful or difficult urination.
What is dysuria?
Definition: study of the kidneys
What is Nephrology?
This outer layer of the kidney is often compared in appearance to tree bark.
What is the renal cortex?
This is the movement of wastes and excess ions directly from the blood into the nephron tubule for elimination.
What is secretion?
This organ system state of dynamic equilibrium is the primary job of the urinary system.
What is homeostasis?
This condition is defined as the presence of blood in the urine.
What is hematuria?
Definition: little or scant amount of urine
What is oliguria?
This cluster of high-pressure capillaries inside the nephron is where blood filtration begins.
What is the glomerulus?
Most glucose and water are reabsorbed in this specific section of the nephron.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
The normal average pH range for healthy human urine falls between these values.
What is 4.5 to 8.0?
Hard mineral deposits that form inside the kidneys and can cause severe side pain and nausea are known as this.
What are kidney stones (or renal calculi)?
Definition: Evaluation of urine
What is urinalysis?
This is the correct anatomical path of urine from formation to the outside of the body.
What is Kidney → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra?
This is the medical/physiological term for the act of emptying the bladder (urination).
What is micturition?
This average amount of fluid is typically collected in the bladder before the conscious urge to micturate is triggered.
What is 250 cc?
This non-invasive procedure uses high-energy shock waves from outside the body to crush kidney stones into smaller pieces.
What is ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)?
Definition: Semi-permeable membrane that filters fluid from the peritoneal space.
What is peritoneal dialysis?